薛涛英语语法辅导 第二讲 冠词

 

第二讲—冠词中考分析英语中有三种冠词:不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the)以及零冠词。冠词是一种虚词,...



第二讲—冠词

中考分析英语中有三种冠词:不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the)以及零冠词。 冠词是一种虚词,本身不能独立使用,只能附着在一个名词上帮助说明这个名词的含义。它在中考试题中约占1~3%。《英语课程标准》五级语法项目对冠词没有提出具体要求。中考对冠词的考查主要为:冠词的基本用法;零冠词的情况;习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。中考冠词主要分布在单选、完形填空、翻译、任务型阅读和写作等题型中。 近年来中考冠词考试命题趋势是打“复合拳”,即命题设置通常为两个或三个空。导图梳理





知识精讲

一冠词的定义



冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前,对名词进行限定。

在英语中a/an是不定冠词,the是定冠词,名词前不用冠词时是零冠词。A parrot can talk like a person, but it can’t think like a person.An English- English dictionary is very necessary for me.The iron is harder than the stone.

What do you usually have for lunch?

二冠词的使用



1.不定冠词a, an①an用于元音音素开头的单词前,a则用在辅音音素开头的单词前:

an hour,a university②泛指某人或某物:

My father bought me a nice present.③数量一,微弱one的含义:

Can a robot do such work?④表示单位量词“每一”:

He has P.E classes twice a week.⑤用在不可数名词前,表示“一股”、“一阵”:

A heavy rain fell.⑥在序数词前表示“又一”、“再一”:

a second time⑦用于固定短语中:

a number of 一些    a glass of  一杯      

a piece of 一张     a lot of  许多

a little 少量的(加不可数名词)      

a few 少量的 (加可数名词)

give a talk 作报告    have a look 看一眼      

catch a cold 得感冒   have a rest休息一下    

in a hurry 急匆匆      

take/ catch a bus 乘/赶公交车

give (sb.) a call (给…)打电话     

take a message for sb.  给…捎信2.定冠词the

①指上文提到过的人或物:

I have a pen. The pen is new.②指谈话双方都知道的人或物:

Open the door, please.③用在世界上独一无二的事物前:

the sun, the earth, the moon④用在姓氏复数前,表全家人:

The Browns are going to Shanghai for holiday.⑤用在序数词、方位词、形容词最高级前:the first, in the south, the best⑥指特定的人或物:

The man in the car is my teacher.⑦用在形容词前表示一类人:

the old, the rich⑧用在江河、群岛、山脉名称前: 

the Huai River, the Xisha Islands⑨用于“越...,越...”句型中:

The more he eats, the fatter he will be.⑩用于乐器前:

He likes playing the piano.⑪用于固定短语中:

in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上     in the end 最终

all the time 一直      

all the same仍然;全一样    

in the open air 在野外    

by the way 顺便说一下    

on the top of … 在…顶端     

on the earth 在地球上 

at the head / age / beginning / top / end of… 在…前面/年龄/开始/顶端/末尾





3.零冠词

①某些专有名词前: 

China is a country with a long history.②复数名词前: 

I like eating bananas.③棋类、球类、三餐前: 

play basketball / have lunch④颜色、疾病、感觉前: 

They died of cancer.⑤月份、星期、假日前:

The September 10th is Teachers’ Day.⑥称呼、头衔、职务前: 

He was elected as manager of our company yesterday.⑦固定短语:

go to school 去上学     at home 在家      

at once 立刻      on time 按时,准时

in trouble 陷入麻烦  watch TV 看电视        

on foot 步行   by mistake 错误地      

day and night 日日夜夜   at first 首先






考点包

一冠词在近几年中考中的分布情况



考点

要求

全国中考示例

不定冠词

掌握

2014天津,2013辽宁沈阳,2012重庆

定冠词

掌握

2014河南,2013河北,2011广州深圳

零冠词

掌握

2014广东,2013天津,2013浙江杭州

二冠词各个题型的分布情况



1.单项选择是冠词在中考中最常见的题型:

(2015天津) —Mary, who is _______ woman over there?

           —She is my aunt, ______ English teacher.

A. the;the       B. a; the      

C. the; an         D. a; an

【解析】句意:--Mary, 那边那个女人是谁?--她是我姑姑,一位英语老师。本题考查冠词的用法。第一个空the 特指那边的(over there)那个女人;第二个空后面的名词teacher表泛指,且前面有读音以元音音素开头的单词English,故用an,所以应选C.

2.完形填空是冠词出现的第二种题型:

(2014辽宁锦州)Last year I travelled to Paris in summer. One afternoon I visited _______ art museum…

    A. a              B. an        C. the           D. /

【解析】对于第一次提到的人或物通常用不定冠词。再由art 的第一个音素为元音,因此用an,故选B.

3.书面表达是冠词在中考中不可回避的一项运用:

(2015哈尔滨市)假如你是宝宝,请根据所提供的信息给Linda 写一封回信,邀请她来哈尔滨度假,希望她回信。要求包含所有信息,至少写出五句话。
What to 
do


1. Ice lanterns

2.Places of interest
Tips
1.Cold

2.Wear warm clothes

【范文】


Dear Linda,

  I would like to visit you to spend your holidays in Harbin. Harbin is famous for its ice lanterns. There is an ice lantern show in Harbin every year in winter. You are welcomed to visit the places of interest with me, such as theSun  Island, the Center   Street, Yabuli ski field and so on. I am sure you will enjoy yourself  very much. A friendly reminder: It is very cold in Harbin in winter, so you have to wear warm clothes.

  I am looking forward to a reply at your earliest convenience and I would be particularly honored by your distinguished coming.                                        Yours,                                     Baobao【解析】本文共出现不定冠词3次,定冠词2次。这就是冠词基本用法在具体语言环境中的灵活运用,如ice前需用不定冠词an, 专有地名需用定冠词the。

三典型例题



1. Lianyungang is ­­­­­­­­­­­­____ attractive city. It’s such ___ nice place that many tourists come here every summer. (2015年,江苏连云港)

A. a; a        B. the; /        C. an; /       D. an; a  

2. Miss Lee taught me to be ___ honest person.I will never forget ___ words that she said. (2015年,广西玉林)

A. a; the       B. a; /         C.an; the      D.an; /

3.  ——Who’s ___ girl in white , do you know?

  ——Yes, she is ____ unusual and talented pianist. (2015年,新疆乌鲁木齐)

A. the; an     B. a; a       C .a; an      D. the; a

4.  ——Do you often play ____ tennis after school?

 —— No, I don’t like sports. I often play ____ guitar. My mother bought me ____ excellent guitar. (2014年,辽宁丹东)

A. the; a; an           B. a; the; a   

C. /; the; an           D. a; a; the

5.  ——What ____ heavy rain it was!

  —— Yes, but I love ____ air after it rains. It smells so fresh. (2014年, 河南)

A. the; a     B. a; the    C. the; the    D. a; a  

答案:DCACB

【在线讲解】

1. 句意:连云港是一个吸引人的城市,它是如此美丽的一个地方以至于每年夏天都有很多游客来这里。第一个空表泛指,又因attractive是以元音音素开头的单词,所以前用an; place是单数名词,根据句意第二空用a, 故答案为D。

2. honest是典型的以辅音字母开头却是以元音音素开头的单词,故前用an。 第二个空用定语从句来说明words是特指,故前用the,选C。

3. 题中穿白色衣服的女孩是特指,故第一个空用定冠词the,unusual是以元音音素开头,故前用an,选A。

4.play 后接球类不加冠词,即零冠词;而play后接乐器要加定冠词the。根据句意买了一把吉他,故用不定冠词,excellent为元音音素开头,前用an, 故选C。

5.句意: —好大的雨啊! —是的,但是我喜欢雨后的空气,它闻起来是那么清新。rain 被heavy 修饰,泛指一场大雨,用不定冠词a;第二空特指雨后的空气,用定冠词the,故选B。

【错题整理】

1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.

A. the, the                B. /, /       

C. the, /               D. /,the
2. ­         Father’s Day is coming. Jerry will buy a new wallet for his father.


A. A         B. An         C. The           D. /
3. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.


A. the, the      B. the, a     C. the,/     D. a, the
4. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in ____ danger of becoming extinct.


A. the, a        B. the, /       C. a, /      D. /, the

5. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.

A. /, /       B. the, a      C. /, the        D. the, /
6. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.


A. /;the            B. /;a      

C. the;/            D. the; a
7. —John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.


    —Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.

 A. the; /             B. /; the      

 C. the; the           D. a; a8. “Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”

 A. an; the    B. a; the     C. the; a      D. an; a

9. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.

A. the, the      B. a, the     C. the, a       D. a, a

10. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?

    —Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.

A. a; /       B. the; /      C. the; the      D. a; the

【答案与解析】

1. 选D,big city life 表泛指,其前不用冠词;country 表示“农村”时,其前习惯上要用定冠词。
2. 选D,句意: 父亲节就快到了。 Jerry将会买了个新钱包送给他的父亲。西方的节日前一般不需要加冠词,故选D。
3. 选C,kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。
4. 选B,当概括事物的种类时,用定冠词,不用不定冠词;另外in danger of 是短语,不用冠词。


5. 选B,the young 意为“年轻人”,定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物;第二空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。
6. 选 A,over [on] the telephone为习语,意为“通过电话”;若用 by telephone 则不用冠词,类似地,by letter(通过信件)也不用冠词。
7. 选D,第一空后的most不是构成最高级,而是表示“很”、“十分”,故其前用a;第二空也填a,该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。8. 选D,NBA中的 N 读音为[en],即前面一个音为元音,故填an;第二空填a表泛指,泛指任何一场比赛。


9. 选B,序数词前通常用定冠词,表示特指(如第二空);有时也用不定冠词,表示原有数量上的增加(如第一空)。

10. 选C,Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词,它表明上文中的 _______ black and _______ white cat 是两只猫而不是一只猫,所以选C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选A,则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。

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