语气虚拟时态

掌握虚拟语气的方快速法

：1.“if”条件状语从句或其它引导词引导的从句中时间是“现在或将来”，时，而该句中的时态却是“过去形式”时...

：1.“if”条件状语从句或其它引导词引导的从句中时间是“现在或将来”，时，而该句中的时态却是“过去形式”时态，该句含虚拟语气。

例如：

If he is free today or tomorrow,he will help us.

(陈述语气理由：1.现在或将来时间 2.不是“过去形式”时态)

If he were(虚拟语气中，三单当主语时，“是”不用“was”) free today or tomorrow,

he would help us.

If he were to be free tomorrow,he would help us.

If he should be free tomorrow,he would help us.

(虚拟语气理由：1.现在或将来时间 2.是“过去形式”时态)

Hewishes that his friend were there now.

(虚拟语气理由：1.现在或将来时间 2.是“过去形式”时态)

Hewishes that his friend had been there yesterday.

(虚拟语气理由：1.过去时间 2.是“完成形式”时态)

Hewishes that his friend would be there tomorrow.

(虚拟语气理由：1.现在或将来时间 2.是“过去形式”时态)

2.“if”条件状语从句或其它引导词引导的从句中时间是“过去”，时，而该句中的时态却是“完成形式”时态，该句含虚拟语气。

例如：

If he was free last week, he would help us.

(陈述语气理由：1.过去时间 2.不是“完成形式”时态)

If he had been free last week, he wouldhave helped us.

(虚拟语气理由：1.过去时间 2.是“完成形式”时态)

注意：当If条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．

If you had followed my advice , youwould be better now.

If you had studied hard before, youwould be a college student now.

3.wish和情态动词“should”常用于虚拟语气.

1）should（常省略）与动词（或名词）suggest, recommend, require ,request, desire, order, commend 连用

Iwish (that) I were a bird.

Iwish (that) I had seen the film last night.

Iwish (that) I wouldcould go.

Wesuggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

Theyinsisted that the boy (should) go withthem.

Myidea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.

Mysuggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others

Weall agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off

注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。

Thesmile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work

Theman insisted that he had never stolen the money.（stolen已经发生的动作，早于insisted）

2）should（常省略）与it is +adj(necessary,important, incredible , surprising 等)连用

It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.

It’s natural that she should do so.
It’s important that we should take good care of thepatient.

3）should（不能省略）与 it is a pity, it is a shame ,it no wonder 等连用。

4.虚拟语气用法：表示与“事实”相反或“强烈的祝愿、要求”时，用虚拟语气时，虚拟语气的时态形式一定是用“过去的形式”就对了。

It’s a pitythat you (should) miss a good chance

5.固定搭配的虚拟语气要记牢，不是纯粹属于语法规律问题。

It is (high) time that we went (should go ) to school.

He would rather he stayed there.

If only I knew the answer!

If only I had seen the film yesterday!

I would rather you told me the truth.

I would rather you had gone there lastSunday

as if ( as though) 看起来　常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).

He treats /treated the boy as if he werehis own son.

He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it

Even if he were here, he could not solvethe problem.

Even if I had been busy then, I wouldhave helped you.

6.情态动词+ have done

could havedone 本来可以- - -

might havedone 本来可能 - - -

should /ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -

shouldn’t /ought not to have done 本不该做

needn’t havedone 本不必做 - - -

would havedone 本来会去做----

I didn’t have enough money, otherwise Iwould have bought that book.

7.在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．

If I wereat school again, I would study harder.

Were I at school again,   I would study harder.

If youhad come earlier, you would have met him.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him.

If itshould rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

注意：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．

If you had followed my advice , youwould be better now.

If you had studied hard before, youwould be a college student now.

练习：巩固虚拟语气练习题It is strange that the little boy _____ speak two foreignlanguages.

A. could b. can C. should D. would

2. He gave orders that the experiment____ before 5:30pm.

   A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished

3.He _____ you more help,even though hewas very busy.

A, might have given B. mightgive C.may have given

4.Without the leadership of the Party,there____no NewChina.

A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was

5. He is talking so much aboutAmericaas if he_____ there.

A.had been       B. has been         C. was           D. hasgone

6. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing

wrong and _____ free.

A. did;set                        B. had done; should be set

C. should do; be set      D. had done; must be set

7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all

right now.

A.       are       B. were     C. would be   D. would havebeen

8. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would      B. shouldhave        C.may      D. have

答案：1.C2.A3.A4.A5.A6.B7.C8.B