综合教程2答案及翻译:Unit2

 

综合教程2课文翻译及答案参考:Unit2翻译1课文A价值观有钱是否意味着过一种完全不同于普遍人

综合教程2课文答案及翻译:Unit2
翻译
1 课文A
价值观


有钱是否意味着过一种完全不同于普遍人的生活?看来未必,如果你的名字叫萨姆·沃尔顿。
美国乡巴佬首富
阿特·哈里斯


他穿上餐服准备到美国首富的生日聚会上去担任侍者。在他的想象里,他定然会看到:豪宅,主人天天要坐的罗尔斯一罗伊斯轿车,戴着钻石颈圈的家犬,到处可见的仆人。

他动身前往那所宅邸,开着车穿过本顿维尔镇冷冷清清的市政广场。本顿维尔镇是阿肯色州一个仅有9,920人口的偏远小镇,萨姆·沃尔顿就在该镇从一个专卖廉价商品的小店起家,逐渐发展成为价值60亿美金资产的廉价连锁店沃尔玛公司。侍者上了一条乡间车道,转过一个标着“萨姆和海伦·沃尔顿”的信箱,在一幢林间住宅前跳下了车。

房子还不错,但绝对不是宫殿。家具略显陈旧,一辆旧的轻便货车停在车库里,褐色的捕禽猎犬在院子里窜来窜去。根本没看见任何仆人的身影。

“太令人失望了,”侍者杰米·鲍尤叹道。

只有在美国,一个亿万富翁才能像普通百姓一样,安稳地过着普普通通的日子。67岁的廉价店大王萨姆·穆尔·沃尔顿仍然开着他那辆红白两色的1979年出厂的福特牌轻型货车穿行在弯弯曲曲的乡间小道上,身边坐着他的捕禽猎犬。当狩猎季节来临时,他跟别人一样在当地的沃尔玛商店排队购买猎枪子弹。

“他不要任何特殊待遇,”夜班经理乔尼·贝克说,他费了好大的劲才如公司最近一份备忘录所规定的那样对自己的老板以名相称。这里几乎没人去想他的亿万身价,他们称他为萨姆先生;丝毫不以他的平民作风为怪。“他还是那个在市政广场开廉价店,为了自己的梦想每天工作18个小时的人,一点没变,”市长理查德·霍巴克说。

人人都说他为人友善,性情开朗,是个好邻居;他尽力与人们融洽相处,从不炫耀,也从不盛气凌人。

无论他星期六晚上的夜生活过得多晚,星期日你还是能在教堂见到他。当然是坐在他的包座上,对吗?“我们不设包座,”当地教堂牧师戈登·加林顿第三说。

那美国首富坐哪儿呢?哪儿有空位子就坐哪儿。“知道吗,他根本就不是那种人。他没有包座。前几天晚上教堂举行晚餐会,他和太太一起在后面洗盘子。”

19年来,为他理发的总是同一个师傅。约翰·梅霍早上七点开门会见到他等在门外。他跟人闲聊国内新闻,或是坐在椅子里看报,没准是《本顿民主日报》,这是沃尔顿的又一宗产业。这份报纸从来不让有关他的消息出现在头版上。  它将《福布斯》的富人排行榜塞在第二版的报尾。

“他压根儿不是那种爱上头版新闻的人,”一位报社雇员解释说。

但最近有天早上,美国首富做了件在任何其他地方准会成为头条新闻的事:他忘了带钱。

“我说,‘没事,下次一起付吧,,,,理发师梅霍说。“可他说,‘不行,我得回去拿,’就回家去取钱包了。”

这一切,嗯,是不是有点怪?“一点也不,先生,”梅霍说。“萨姆·沃尔顿惟一不同寻常的就是,他平平常常。”

然而,沃尔顿所到之处名人追星族紧跟不舍,他的平民习惯能保持多久,就很难说了。自从《福布斯》杂志宣布他拥有价值28亿的沃尔玛股票成为美国首富以后,他就成了一个东躲西藏的富人,他得甩开记者、寻梦者,还有图谋不轨者。

“他或许是《福布斯》排行榜的首富,”公司事务主管吉姆·冯·格雷姆普说,“但他并不知道自己是不是首富——而且他也不在乎。他不怎么花钱。他是拥有股票,但他一直把股票留在公司里好让公司发展。而他脑子里真正想着的是沃尔玛十万员工共同取得的成功。”

他通常回来参加星期五的销售会议,或是星期六早晨7点的行政人员鼓劲会,届时沃尔顿会像分店新开张时那样,跳上椅子,带领大家呼喊沃尔玛公司口号:“给我一个W!给我一个A!给我一个L!大声点!”

于是大家越喊越响。没有谁说这样做有点傻。这都是萨姆定下来的沃尔玛生活方式的一部分:忠诚,勤勉,加班加点;从公司最底层起大家集思广益,日本管理方式;善待员工;尽可能降低价格、减少利润,一夜安睡到天亮。员工进公司一年就有资格获得优先认股权,并一再鼓励他们尽能力购买。

鼓劲会之后,大家一起去打野禽,或在他家后院打网球。但他的那些商店总搁在他的心上。一位来打网球的客人为了分散他打球的注意力,故意问了一句为什么一筒网球在一家沃尔玛商店卖得比别的一家沃尔玛商店贵。此话并非实情,但这一招却真管用。沃尔顿连输四局。

沃尔顿为员工子女设立了大学奖学基金,·为房屋遭受火灾、洪水、龙卷风等破坏的员工重建家园设立了灾难救助基金。他信奉广开思路、褒奖成功。

“他会说,‘那人工作努力,奖励一下吧,”退休的前任总裁费罗尔德·F·阿伦德回忆道。他原先供职的雇主非常吝啬,所以离开那里加入沃尔玛公司之后,他对这种慷慨行为深感震惊。“我加盟沃尔玛后,不得不改变自己的思维方式。”

“我们之所以成功,”沃尔顿在公司宣传册上写道,“是由于我们的员工,是由于他们所受到的待遇以及他们对公司的感情。他们认为这里与众不同,但是这种荣誉他们受之无愧。”

公司律师吉姆·亨德伦补充说,“我从没见过有谁为他工作或和他接触一段时间后而不受益的。我不仅仅是指钱财方面,当然许多人是更富有了。我是说他的某种内在的东西——与萨姆·沃尔顿交往会使你成为一个更健全的人。”
2 文章B
价值观
    从小木屋走向白宫是美国梦的一部分。可是,当吉米·卡特连任美国总统的努力失败后,他发现自己一下子被赶出白宫,回到了自己的小木屋。本文叙述了他是吉米·卡特的复元。
莎拉·帕夏尔


或许因为我本人也生长在佐治亚州的一个南方小镇的缘故,我觉得跟罗莎琳和吉米·卡特夫妇坐下交谈就如同在夏日午后荡在门廊的秋千椅上呷冰茶那么舒服。坐落于蓝岭山脉的卡特夫妇幽居的原木小屋前,恰好就有这样的秋千椅,往下看去是一条咆哮的山间溪流。和小屋里别的家具一样,这秋千椅是前总统卡特设计和制作的。卡特是一位手艺高明的木工,为了制作这些家具,他从其方圆160英亩的农庄上亲自遴选并砍伐树木,而后剥去树皮,将木料制成家具及其他用品。

“我父亲擅长使用工具,”他回忆道,“因此学习使用工具对我们来说就像呼吸一样自然。要是有什么东西坏了,我们就得自己修。我们不会请人宋修理或换新的。我们有这种手艺——大萧条时期,农民都有这一手。”

多年来,卡特制作了约50件居家用品,差不多有一半已作为礼物馈赠他人。但有些制品仍留在普兰斯的家里,都用了30多年了。不过,他妻子赶紧指出,他的手艺在不断提高。“1953年我们刚从海军退役回家时,他做了只放在后门廊用的沙发。那时他还用钉子。现在他做什么都不用钉子了。他研究木工工艺,下功夫制作,他给家里做的家具真的非常漂亮,包括一张细柱床和配套的床头柜。”

卡特的木工才干在政治竞选中,尤其是在与工厂工人见面时发挥了很好的作用。“你不用跟在工厂干活的人多说,他们就会明白,原来你本人也是个劳动者。你的手艺或许跟他们不一样,但在干体力活的人之间有种天然的纽带,就如同手足之情。”

卡特一路竞选当上总统之后,偶尔也设法悄悄溜到戴维营的木工场干上几个小时,因为在他看来,“我们在生活中需要一些永远不变的要素。        (1)我认为手艺——不管是耕地,造房子,做家具,拉小提琴,还是画图——这些东西不会因生活的起起落落而改变。至于我,回到农场种地或重返木工场一直是我增进基本技能的机会。

(2)无论我在写书,从事政治活动,在爱莫瑞大学教书,还是处理国际事务,我总会设法抽空回到木工场,每次至少呆上几个小时。这对我十分重要。这是一种理疗,同时也是我生活中的一种稳定力量——是身心的完全休息。”

“在木工场的时候,”他接着说,“我不会去想正在写的章节,不会去想写不下去的段落或搁浅的思路。我考虑的是一件家具的设计,木料该如何嵌合,用什么样的榫头,还有工具是否锋利。”

(3)在吉米和罗莎琳. 卡特最近出版的书名为《好处说不尽》的书中,他们直言不讳地解释了当他们遭遇痛苦的政治上的失败,突然告别华盛顿以及对茫然的未来感到惧怕时,他们是如何使用返璞归真的技能来面对和化解这些问题的。

“在书里,”吉米说,“出于几种原因,我们试图将我们的生活与普兰斯而不是跟白宫联系在一起。其一,是为了展示小镇的魅力;其二是要清楚地表明,这本书写的并不仅仅是一对有幸成为美国第一家庭的夫妇的生活,它也是写给普通人看的,例如一个失去工作的人,突然遇到职业变迁的人,并非出于自己的选择而不得不迁居的人,一个连自己最小的孩子也长大成人离家而去的人,或者是写给一对突然发现己届退休年龄、第一次得从早到晚而不仅仅是夜里厮守在一起的夫妇看的。”

卡特夫妇热情投入了诸如铺设人行道、在尚未完工的阁楼里铺硬木地板这类工程。在与两人最喜欢的一个机构“博爱居家”的共事过程中,罗莎琳学到了不少木工手艺。“博爱居家”是一项为无家可归的人创办的住房工程,帮助他们在志愿者的协助下建造自己的家园。

“我俩都在农场上花了不少时间,”卡特说。“我们护理林地。有时我们在林子里长时间散步。我或许会看到某棵我觉得适合制作四五把——也许七把、八把——椅子或别的什么家具的树。不过,我通常挑选离家近的树,因为我得自己把木料搬回到木工场地。

“我最喜欢的一件木工活是用湿材制作家具,不过这活要费很大的劲。你得处理好木料干燥后引起的不同的收缩率,以保证榫头紧固不松。我喜欢的就是这样的技术难题,”这位前核工程师说。

很显然,今天大多数的年轻人在成长过程中,不像卡特当年那样,在日常生活中得学会“像呼吸一样自然”地使用自己的双手。但他认为,年轻人还是拥有他们父辈所没有的优势。

“过去,你16岁或18岁就开始干活,一直干到死或者再也干不动为止。太阳一出来你就开始干活,一直干到天黑。可如今,你一星期只工作40小时,还有两个星期的休息度假,然后到了55岁,60岁,或65岁,你就退休了。你有那么多的空余时间去干别的有趣的事。这些事有时可能是相当有益的,有时仅仅是好玩,有时则旨在服务他人。在《好处说不尽》一书中,我们试图展示一个普通人所能参与的广阔的活动范围。我们试图指出,无论你处于人生的哪个阶段——青年,中年,或退休之年——都有可能不断拓展兴趣的领域,找到新的刺激,迎接新的挑战,获得新的成功和尝试新的冒险。(4)在此书中,我们鼓励人们勇于开拓新天地,看起来也许非常困难,但你一旦投入进去,就会得益匪浅。”“如果你遭遇某种危机,”罗莎琳补充说,“最好的对策之一就是学习新事物。”
课后答案
Part I  Pre-Reading Task


Script for the recording:

You have heard about Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, haven't you? He came from a poor family, but rose to become one of the most fondly remembered presidents in his country's history. There are many stories about him. Here is one of them.

When Abraham Lincoln was young he worked in a store. As a clerk he proved honest and efficient. One day a woman came into the store and bought some articles. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents, or the young clerk thought they did. The bill was paid, and the woman was entirely satisfied. But the young store-keeper, not feeling quite sure as to the accuracy of his calculation, added up the items once more. To his dismay he found that the sum total should have been only two dollars. "I've made her pay six and a quarter cents too much," said Abe, disturbed. It was a very small sum, and many clerks would have dismissed it as such. But Abe was too conscien­tious to forget about the overcharge.

"The money must be paid back," he decided. This would have been easy enough had the woman lived just around the corner, but, as the young man knew, she lived two or three miles away. This, however, did not alter the matter. It was night, but he closed and locked the store, and walked to the home of his customer. Having arrived there, he explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfied. This anecdote won him a new name: Honest Abe.

Appendix  I     - 99 -


Part II Text A
lext Organization

1.Parts

Paragraphs

Main Ideas

Part One

Paras 1-4

The waiter was disappointed to find that the Richest Man   in America led so simple a life.

Part Two

Paras 5-13

Being friendly, easy-going and never flashy, Walton   carries on like plain folks and never wants any special treatment.

Part Three

Paras 14-22

With the Wal-Mart team in mind, Walton devotes himself   heart and soul to making the business a great success.

2.  Character Traits

1)free of self-importance

2)friendly and easy-going

3)never flashy

4)hard working

5)generous

Details

waits in line like everyone else to buy shells at the local Wal-Mart; has no reserved seat in church asks his employees to call him by his first name steers clear of reporters, dreamers, and schemers; manages to keep himself off the front page attends sales meetings, the executive pep rally set up a college scholarship fund and a disaster relief fund

Vocabulary

I.  1.  1) local

2) headlines

3) deserved

4) folks

5) system

6) steer clear of

7) remote

8) get away with

-100-

Appendix   I

9) open up

10) hold to

11) retire                                               12) rally

13) reserved                                         14) qualify

15) cultivate

2.1) These serious problems deserve careful consideration in restructuring our educational sys-

tems.

2)The college is liable to stop her scholarship because of her failure in the final examination.

3)San Francisco is, by all accounts, a city easy to fall in love with.

4)Snow White received such bad treatment from her step-mother that she had to flee from her home.

5)The United States, Canada, and Mexico make up North America.

3.   1) The principal's daughter didn't receive special treatment from her teachers. She was re-

warded for her excellent performance. When she graduated from high school in 1998, she had straight A's and scholarship offers from some of the most famous universities in the country.

2)Our boss is fully aware that his employees feel a lot of loyalty to the company because they are treated right. Besides a handsome pay check and a stock option, he has laid down a system under which employees are granted stock for their retirement.

3)You are liable to be offered a discount or a reduction on things you buy at the localsuper­market on weekends.
II. Collocation
1. about 2. for3. at/on  4. into5. with 6. to 7. from  8. with

III. Usage

1. a savings account

3. a goods train

5. a sales tax

7. a current affairs program

2. arms race

4. communications equipment

6. a customs officer

8. a clothes shop

Appendix  I      - 101 -
III. Usage
1. a savings account

2. arms race

3. a goods train

4. communications equipment

5. a sales tax

6. a customs officer

7. a current affairs program

8. a clothes shop

Appendix  I      - 101 -
Struclurc
1.   1)Only by rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employees.

2)Only by working at evenings and weekends was Mary able to complete the report by the deadline.

3)Only when I myself became a mother did I realize the value of my parents' advice.

4)Only after they had finished watching the football game did they begin to prepare for the math examination.

2.   1) The young woman described to the policemen the way the man ran up to her and grabbed the

bag from her hand.

2)All the people working for Sam Walton admire the way he manages Wal-Mart and the way he treats his employees.

3)The neighbors were disgusted at the way he talked to his old father.

4)It's amazing the way the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze

(A)1. cheerful

2. threw his weight around

3. executive

4. treatment

5. reward

6. cultivate

7. loyalty

8. stock

9. qualified

10. scholarships

11. folks

12. local

(B)1. from

2. their

3. spent

4. away

5. through

6. to

7. built

8. who

9. led/lived

10. it

11. millionaires

12. then

13. answer

14. wealth

15. by

16. character

- 102 -        Appendix  I
II. Translation
George was on the run since the moment he came aboard. He was always cheerful and devoted himself heart and soul to his work. Because of his excellent performance he was pro­moted to CEO. From then on he tried hard to blend in with the workers and never threw his weight around. He also laid down/ introduced a reward system to encourage the workers to work hard. He believed that loyaltyand hard work would greatly contribute to the success of the company. By all accounts he was an outstanding chief executive officer.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check

l.c 2. b3. a4. d 5. d  6. c

Language Practice

1. replace

2. take ... on

3. selected

4. involved

5. conducted

6. range

7. additional

8. tremendous

10. call... in

9. confronted

11. crisis

12. naturally

13. resolve

14. related

15. appeals to

16. former

17. In the opinion of

18. of their choice

19. factors

20. project

Appendix   1
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper Informal invitation

1324 ShuiDian Road Shanghai 200434 21/11/01 Dear Tom,

I'm having a party to celebrate my birthday in a couple of weeks time on Saturday 2nd December, starting at seven. It would be lovely if you could make it, please let me know whether you can or not.

Best wishes,

Bob

Informal acceptance

Dear Bob,

I'd love to come to your  party then.And help celebrate your birthday.

Look forward to seeing you.

Bye for now,

Tom

- 104 -        Appendix  I

Informal regrets

Dear Bob,

I'd love to come to your party but unfortunately I've already agreed to make a visit to my relatives in Suzhou that weekend and won't be able to get away.I hope you have a lovely

birthday and that we can get together some time soon.

All the best,

Tom
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