读诗忆故人

 

寒食(唐)韩翃春城无处不飞花,寒食东风御柳斜。日暮汉宫传蜡烛,轻烟散入五侯家。AfterTheDay...





寒食
(唐)韩翃
春城无处不飞花,
寒食东风御柳斜。
日暮汉宫传蜡烛,
轻烟散入五侯家。
After The Day Of No Fire
Translated by Hu Zhuanglin
Petals of spring fly all through the city, 
From the wind in the willows of the Imperial River.
And at dusk,  from the palace,  candles are given out ,
To light first the mansions of the Five Great Lords.
在古时,寒食、清明两节相近,久而久之,便合为一个节日。节日中,按风俗家家禁火,只吃现成食物,故名寒食。
唐代制度,到清明这天,皇帝宣旨取榆柳之火赏赐近臣,以示皇恩,标志着寒食节已结束,可以用火了。


清明
(唐)杜牧

清明时节雨纷纷,

路上行人欲断魂。

借问酒家何处有,

牧童遥指杏花村。

Qingming FestivalTranslated by Wan Changsheng  & Wang Jianzhong

The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,

So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.

When asked where could be found a tavern bower,

A cowboy points to yonder village of the apricot flower.


江城子

(宋)苏轼

十年生死两茫茫,不思量,自难忘。千里孤坟,无处话凄凉。纵使相逢应不识,尘满面,鬓如霜。

夜来幽梦忽还乡,小轩窗,正梳妆。相顾无言,唯有泪千行。料得年年肠断处,明月夜,短松冈。

Jiang Chenzi

Translated by Burton Watson

Ten years, dead and living dim and draw apart.

I don't try to remember,

But forgetting is hard.

Lonely grave a thousand miles off,

Cold thoughts, where can I talk them out?

Even if we met, you wouldn't know me,

Dust on my face,

Hair like frost.

In a dream last night suddenly I was home.

By the window of the little room,

You were combing your hair and making up.

You turned and looked, not speaking,

Only lines of tears coursing down.

Year after year will it break my heart?

The moonlit grave,

The stubby pines.


外国诗

Do not stand at my grave and weep

Mary Elizabeth Frye

Do not stand at my grave and weep,

I am not there, I do not sleep.

不要在我的坟前哭泣,

我不在那,我未沉眠。

I am in a thousand winds that blow,

I am the softly falling snow.

I am the gentle showers of rain,

I am the fields of ripening grain.

我身在吹送着的千风里,

我身在柔和的落雪,

我身在雨中细柔的淋浴着,

我身在成熟谷物的田野。

I am in the morning hush,

I am in the graceful rush

Of beautiful birds in circling flight,

I am the starshine of the night.

我身在早晨的宁静,

我身在优美的急流,

美丽的鸟儿在上盘旋,

我化为夜晚的星光。

I am in the flowers that bloom,

I am in a quiet room.

I am in the birds that sing,

I am in each lovely thing.

我身在盛开的花朵,

我身在宁静的房里,

我身在鸟儿的歌声中,

我身在每样可爱的事物中。

Do not stand at my grave and cry,

I am not there. I do not die.

别站在我的坟前哭泣,

我不在那,我还未离世。

诗歌用一系列优美的意象来淡化死亡的哀伤,以一个已亡人的身份抚慰在世的亲人,更加凸显在世之人对逝去亲人的思念。

2001年,美国的911恐怖袭击事件后,在一个追悼仪式中,一名11岁的少女在会中读出此诗,以表达她对在911事件中丧生的父亲的追思,使此诗成为一时的话题。




Though I am Young and Cannot Tell

Ben Jonson

Though I am young, and cannot tell

Either what death or love is well,

Yet I have heard they both bear darts,

And both do aim at human hearts.

如我之年青,无法细辨,

死亡的本意和爱的真谛。

尝闻二者皆带箭头,

双双的目标是人的心脏。

And then again, I have been told

Love wounds with heat, as Death with cold;

So that I fear they do but bring

Extremes to touch, and mean one thing.

复又听说,各有德性,

爱伤于火,死伤于冰;

我似恍然有所觉悟。

感受的极端结果却一途。

As in a ruin we it call

One thing to be blown up, or fall;

Or to our end like way may have

By a flash of lightning, or a wave;

恰如断壁残垣,

或灰飞或塌坍;

又好比我之消亡,

似潮退又似闪电;

So love's inflamed shaft or brand

May kill as soon as Death's cold hand;

Except Love's fires the virtue have

To fright the frost out of the grave

因知爱之燃烧的箭杆,

亡我之速有如死神冰冷的魔手;

惟有爱火的炽热尚存,

惊散坟墓中寒气逼人的霜雾。

在诗歌中,爱情和死亡常常做为超越现实世界的独立存在来感悟,来思辩,来描写,来讴歌。这首诗便是典范。

整首诗是一种“虚拟”理念的对比思考,没有具体的情景。比喻的事物也以抽象概念居多,比如热、冷、人心、箭头、感觉、断壁残垣、闪电浪潮、坟墓等。诗人认为爱情与死亡一样令人伤感而不确定,但爱情的炽热能够驱散死亡的寒冷。


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