共鸣·文化 世界视野聚焦中国建筑

《CHINADAILY》4月16日专题报道。...





4月16日《CHINA DAILY》专题报道：

《Living in an antique 》。

生活在古董中。这个由始建于明、清的中国建筑群，何以搅动世界对中国传统文化回归的探讨?这个位于千年古镇朱家角上的中国建筑群，能否成为中国文化复兴的标志？品臻園再次受到世界的关注！以下是报道的原文和译文：

Living in an antique

Updated: 2016-04-16 03:11

By XU JUNQIAN in Shanghai(China Daily USA)

This new hotel in Shanghai may be situated 50 kilometers from the city center, away from the scenic Bund stretch, skyscrapers and big-name hotel chains, but spending just one night here will cost guests at least 3,000 yuan ($464).

Occupying more than 6,000 square meters in the quaint water town of Zhujiajiao, Ahn Luh Zhujiajiao offers guests the opportunity to stay in ancient manors that were restored using building materials from the collection of Qin Tongqian, a self-dubbed "antique house-collecting maniac".

The highlight of the hotel is a 1,400-square-meter and 10-meter-high mansion whose upturned eaves resemble the spreading wings of five pairs of phoenixes, which explains its name wufenglou (five phoenix mansion). This 600-year-old building is being used as the lobby of the hotel, expected to open to the public in May.

The hotel, which only has 35 rooms and suites, has already been fully booked on weekends during the soft opening period. One couple has even spent 500,000 yuan to book the entire hotel for their Chinese-themed wedding in May.

"Every luxury hotel in China wants to have some local elements. But this is one hotel that is truly Chinese. It's easy to build something modern and concrete, but it won't have the history and charm of a place like this," said Simon Kong, general manager of the hotel.

Ruan Yisan, a professor of urban planning at Shanghai's Tongji University and an ardent advocate of historic-building protection, said that while rebuilding old houses away from the place they were originally from actually violates the five principals of protection and preservation of antique buildings — original materials, original craftsmanship, original structure, original style and original environment — projects like Ahn Luh Zhujiajiao are a necessary evil if there is no better solution available.

According to Feng Jicai, chairman of the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Society, 300 villages in China are destroyed everyday because of urbanization. A total of 900,000 villages were destroyed over the past decade, the majority of which were ancient villages, classified as one or a cluster of hamlets that boast a minimum of 10 Chinese typical residences, temples of other types of architecture, and were naturally formed before 1911.

For a long time, the lack of finances has been the most common excuse used by local administrations, especially township governments, for the mishandling of antique houses. Zhang Zhu'an, a trader who made a windfall from this expensive hobby of his townfolk, would have agreed.

The former carpenter from Dongyang, Zhejiang province, where the largest quantity and highest quality of rosewood furniture in China is made, spotted the trend of antique house collecting about 10 years ago and decided to make a business out of it.

On an almost deserted piece of land in his hometown, the 64-year-old, together with a team of "dab hands", has been rebuilding houses with numbered bricks, wood panels and pillars. It usually takes at least three months for the team of 10 craftsmen to restore the decrepit homes. Middlemen like Zhang would charge 10 to 30 percent fee of the selling price after the reassembled house is shipped to the gardens of the country's richest people.

"A typical ancient house we work on looks like a biscuit that had fallen from the sixth floor. That's the sort of condition they are in before we start restoration works," said Zhang.

"It's undeniable that we are making a living from them, but there is nothing wrong. What we are doing now is definitely better than leaving them to crumble," argued Zhang, in response to critics that the houses lose their roots after they are dismantled and shipped around.

In 2012, the government of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, introduced a series of new regulations regarding the protection of old houses and villages, allowing private capital to be invested in historically important sites.

According to Yu Feng, vice-chairman of the Collection Association Club in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, there were no policies pertaining to the sale and resale of antique houses prior to the release of these regulations. He added that as long as a house was not listed by the local or central government as a protected relic, it would be up for grabs to the tens of thousands of collectors.

Yu, a logistics magnate from the city that is home to the world's largest trading center of small commodities like zips and socks, called antique houses "an ultimate item for any Chinese collector", as it makes for the perfect place to house the antique porcelainwares, furniture and paintings collected.

However, others have argued that the thriving house-collecting market is actually accelerating the demise of these antique buildings, seeing as to how collectors actively search for old homes to knock down and rebuild. This is aided by the fact that the residents of these old homes, most of whom struggle to make ends meet in life, would usually be more than happy to trade their homes for much-needed cash.



朱家角一家新开业的酒店点亮了中国富人收藏古建这一繁荣的市场。

这家新开业的酒店坐落在距离市中心50公里左右的朱家角古镇，远离外滩风景区、摩天大楼、以及众多知名的大牌连锁酒店，但是每晚入住房费至少需要3000元（464美元）。



坐落于古色古香的朱家角古镇，占地超过6000平米。朱家角安麓提供给客人一个绝佳的机会，可以隐身于古老的庄园之中。而这些古建修复以及重建所使用的材料均来自于自称是“古董建筑收藏狂人”的秦同千。

这家酒店的独到之处在于占地约1400平方米，净高约10米的一栋宅第。它上挑的屋檐包含有五对展翅飞翔的凤凰，故而名曰“五凤楼”。这座具有600余年历史的建筑被用来作为朱家角安麓的大堂，即将在5月对外开放。




在试营业阶段，每个周末，这家酒店仅有的35间客房都是被抢订一空。一对新婚夫妇更是花费50万元，预订了整家酒店作为5月份他们中式婚礼的举办场地。

“在中国每一家奢华的酒店都想融入一些当地的元素，但这是唯一一家真正的中式酒店。建造一些现代化的混凝土结构的建筑很容易做到，但是没有一个地方可以做到像朱家角安麓这样具有历史感的魅力。”朱家角安麓的总经理康国俊先生说。





同济大学城市规划学院的阮仪三教授，同时也是历史建筑保护的热忱提倡者，他认为异地复建古建必然违反古建保护以及保存的五个基本原则——原始的材料、原始的工艺、原始的结构、原始的风格以及原始的环境。他认为若没有更好的可供解决的方案，像朱家角安麓这样的项目也终将成为必要的突破而存在。

根据中国文学艺术界联合会主席冯骥才先生的论断，城镇化趋势导致了中国每天消失300多个自然村落。在过去的10年里，统共将近有90万个村落已经消失，其中大部分都是古老的村落，而这些古村落代表了至少中国十个典型的居住以及寺庙建筑结构类型，而它们都是在1911年之前自然形成的。



在很长的一段时间里，财政资金的缺乏成为了地方当局尤其是乡镇府对古老建筑不当处理的最常用的理由。张祝安（音译）对此表示同意，他是一个生意人，从其他村民花费昂贵的爱好中收获了一笔意外之财。

在中国，浙江东阳的红木家具生产是数量最大以及质量最高的，这一位来自那里的之前的工匠意识到了古建收藏以及交易的这一趋势。

在他的家乡，几乎空空荡荡的一片土地上，这位64岁的工匠，跟一支都是能手的团队一起，用标好号的砖块、木板、以及梁柱来复建房子。对于一个10人工匠的团队来说，一般需要花费3个月的时间来修复一幢破旧的房子。如果修复好的整幢房子被移建到富有人家的花园里，像张祝安这样的中间人一般会收取成交价10%-30%的手工费。



“我们修复过的一幢典型的古建就像一块饼干一样从六层的高度倾倒下来。这就是它们被修复之前的所停留的状态。”张祝安说。

在很多古建从原始的地方被拆解移建以后，出现了一些批评质疑的声音，张祝安这样解释：“无可否认，我们确实依靠它们来赚钱，但是这并没有错。毫无疑问，我们的所作所为比直接任由它们倾倒要可取得多。”



2012年，江苏省苏州市政府引进了一系列古建以及古村落保护的方法，同时允许个人资本对重要的历史遗迹进行投资建设。

浙江义乌收藏协会俱乐部副主席于峰（音译）说，目前并没有关于古建交易与再交易的相关政策。他补充说，只要是这栋房子不在当地政府或者中央政府保护文物的名单之上，那么它们就可以成为成千上万的收藏者争抢之物。



于峰，他是一个物流大亨。而他的家乡义乌是世界最大的小商品（如：打火机、袜子等）交易市场，他认为对于古老的建筑的收藏是每个中国收藏家的终极目标，因为这些古建将为他们所收藏的古董瓷器、家具以及字画等提供一个绝佳的收纳空间。

然而，也有一些人认为，这一日益繁荣的古建收藏市场加速了这些古老建筑的消亡，因为很多收藏者很积极地去搜寻老旧的房子，然后把它们推倒而后重建。当然这一现象也助长于这些老旧房子里的居民，他们中很多人都在为生计挣扎，其实更愿意用他们的房子来换取更为急需的现金。





上海·品臻園位于朱家角核心位置，含朱家角安麓、安麓别业、邻湖别院、餐厅、SPA、艺术馆等，建筑面积约4.5万平米。作为秦森旗下首个高端文化商旅地产项目，上海·品臻園将中国明清古建的人文意境，与现代居住功能浑然合一，围绕“江南第一官厅”五凤楼和精美绝伦的古戏台，联合国际顶级奢侈品酒店安缦（Aman）在中国的姊妹品牌安麓、国际一流设计团队、百名“徽帮、浙帮”老匠工，定制10席千平安麓别业，打造一处独一无二的 江南世外桃源，重现中国传统士绅生活方式。

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