Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza丹尼尔·门多萨 ——翻译笔记

重新改版啦，翻译+笔记=主动式学习；翻译过程虽然痛苦但这是在主动学习，是积极的，不是被动的，消极的。这样能最大限度地真正学透英语。...





哈，这是小编在搜索图片时顺便看到的，原来这位性感女郎叫恭门多萨，与本文的主人公多了一个恭字，难怪她会突然跳入小编的眼帘呢。哦不，一不小心暴露小编的性别了。

下面这位呢才叫门多萨，迪亚娜·门多萨，环球小姐。



ok ，不能再放了，免得有下流之嫌

学习很枯燥，有时也要放松放松，好了，后面进入正题。

照旧放上音频

下面将放上原文（中英文）和我的笔记，请各位批评指导；

Lesson 21   Daniel Mendoza丹尼尔·门多萨

两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.

• 课文里比赛用的词是match，说来惭愧，我把race当作是比赛，其实它是一个动词，有与...比赛的意思；当然表示比赛的词还有game，但它更多强调游戏；还有competition，更多强调竞争；contest 也是竞赛的意思。这里所有比赛的词都用match，我看是因为这个词比较中性，指一般的比赛的意思吧。
• 还有popular是个形容词，我居然把它当成动词加ed表被动。表示受欢迎的，be动词+popular就可以了。表示“在当时” 是at that time.课文里用的是 in those days. 搏斗是fight 其过去式是fought，不是+ed；不带手套这里指的是赤手空拳的意思，所以课文用bare fists。bare是光秃秃的意思，fist是拳头；prize虽然可以指奖金，但课文用prize money更能凸显是跟钱有关系的；表因此的有therefore、thus，课文用 because of this；claim是指声称、索赔的意思，如果表被动是指被索赔，没有被声称的意思，更没有被称作...的意思；被称作是be known as；职业拳击手我翻译成profession boxer，但课文用的是prizefighter职业拳击手尤指古代的赤手拳击手。could： can”的过去式; 能够，可能; 用于假设语气的条件句; 用于虚拟语气的结论句；虽然用maybe也是可能的意思，但这里用could会更好一点；受重伤用bseriously副词形容，heavy也是个副词表密集地，沉重地，可以用来修辞下大雨，但不能用在此修饰受重伤。这里丧命就是指被打死被杀死，有被动的意思，所以用be killed，die没有被动的意思，这是它的原型，它的过去式和过去分词是died ，现在分词是dying；这里还要再提一下，dead是死的名词和形容词，不要误认它为动词。这里的在比赛中是指在比赛的这个过程中，所以用during要比 用in更准确。during the match，在比赛中。还有一点非常重要，那就是时态的一致性，要都用过去式。

拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门 多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家 欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。

One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.

• 人物是figures，figure还是计算的意思，名词；最引人注目这里是最高级形式，课文用the most colourful表示，当然，引人注目的还有remarkable，这个词还有卓越的意思，最高级是the most remarkable；生于哪一年要用被动，be born in...；1860年......拳击比赛这才用上了手套，这里的意思是指直到1860年，手套才被使用，所以是not...until..直到...才；第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，也就是拳击比赛的第一条规则用the first set of rule；制定用drew up ，drew是draw的过去式，所以这里是制定了的意思。technically不仅表示技术上的意思，还有表示严格上讲的意思。但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。这两句话可以合成一句话翻译，如Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. 把...变成...change...into...；把...引进...则是bring...to....；在他的全盛时期翻译为in his day。day此处指“幸运或顺利的时期”。虽然floruit 是全盛时期的意思，但课文用这个显然更为简洁；深受欢迎的正确表达是这个，enjoyed tremendous popularity 记住popular没有动词形式，只有名词和形容词形式，它的名词形式popularity，这样翻译为名望。tremendous是极大的，巨大的意思。alike是副词，同样地；无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。adored 崇拜，爱戴翻译成He was adored by rich and poor alike. rich and poor是固定词组，意为富人和穷人。有的形容词可用作名词，但前面要加the。这条规律要记住。确实很简洁，但不僵硬。我的就不用说了，简直是“山穷水尽”。

门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门 多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。

Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.

• rose这个词要记住，它是rise的过去式，表示增加，提高还有起义的意思。当然它刚好跟玫瑰同个词。但大多不是指玫瑰花的意思。fame是名声的意思。swiftly迅速地。 rise to fame，成名；rose to fame swiftly ，一举成名。 门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。翻译为：Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.著名的有famous，文中用eminent也表著名的。前面讲的了“当时”，then也是表“当时”的意思。当时英国拳坛名将，就可以翻译为whowas then the most eminent boxer in England.  吸引...注意是 attract the attention of...   。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. 这句话翻译得妙。用offered就表示了主动的意思，教在这里是训练的意思，所以要用train年少的门多萨作者这里翻译成his young pupil，他（理查德.汉弗莱斯）年轻的学生。作者在这里强调门多萨是理查德的学生看来用意是很明显的，为后面师生之间反目成仇埋下伏笔。他一学就会，he was quick to learn. 门 多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌，翻译成 Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.   Humphries turned againsthim，汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。
• quarrel争吵；争吵不休作者翻译为quarrelled bitterly。这里作者强调的是bitterly 厉害地，而不在不休地这个意思上。 显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。翻译为 it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.这里主语是争吵，这里，解决问题就是解决争吵的问题，通过较量就是通过打斗的形式。settle，解决；

于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公 众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于 击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。

A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.

• 设下赛场也就是举行比赛，而且还要用被动形式a match was held；   at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour中，以where引导的从句作Stilton的定语。这个定于从句要好好研究，并学起来。押注就是打赌，bet；bet on...在...上押（赌金）bet过去式和过去分词都可以是原形bet。 a great deal of大量的。这里的输了就是被打败的意思，所以be defeated就是准确的翻译。in the ring on 我猜这里是比赛的意思，在文中就是指拳击比赛。再次在拳击场上较量，Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion 这里用met 相遇，很灵活，later occasion 就是再次的意思，本义是随后的场合。输这里用lost 失去的意思。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于 击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。这里翻译时就要用到not until that直到...才...；defeat 击败、战胜、挫败。beat本义击打，也有打败的意思。champion冠军。It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.

同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达 100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。

Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned Academy money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appear one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.

• 同时是meanwhile；successful可用highly修饰，表示非常成功的，Academy指专科学校，私立学习，明显在这里用Academy要比用school更精确。本文中学生不用students ，而用pupils。enormous sums of 大量的，表示数量的量词要记住。一次出场费就多可达 100英镑，可这样表示was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance.也就是单次出场就要支付100英镑这么多。转换成这样就容易翻译多了， 不会拘泥于原文。挥霍无度就用extravagant，浪费的、奢侈的。债台高筑就是欠债的意思，debt就是表示债务、负债、欠债，是名词。 be in debt 负债。被很快遗忘，be quickly forgotten。quick有副词的意思，quickly也表副词，当然quick更多指形容词。被捕入狱，直接翻译成被送进监狱就可以 be sent to prison。还债就是 pay debt。”不能够“常用fail to。
• 前面说到died是die的过去式，died in poverty 死于贫困； poverty贫困，名词。poor是形容词，贫穷的。

后面是我的翻译（，请忽略不看

• Two hundred years old，the boxing race was populared by English people.In that time，the boxer frighted for prize with no glove.therefore，they were claimed professional boxer.however，boxing is very ruthless，because not any rule in these time and the boxers maybe heavy injury or dead in the race.
• Tom ， bore in 1764years，one of the remarkable in history. boxer must with glove in race，which fist made by tom in 1860. although tom is only a profession boxer ，but he make a large contribution in the hand that changing the ruthless race into the sports by introduction of  science. tom was populared in his floruit by the poor and the rich .
• Tom caused tony who is famous in boxing concern when his won a race in 14 years old.Tony teached him tip ，and the young tom got it at soon.in the face，tom is so famous that antagonized tony.they continue quarred，and have to fight with eachother.so they boxing near 1 hours in sidier.people pledge a large cash in tom but his failed. in the second time， they are   fight again，tom failed. tom not won tony in the second，until the  third time in 1790 years，tom won the boxing champion the whole English by   defeat tony . in that time， he found a boxing school. it is success because bailun is his student.tom make more and more money，and his appearance fee is near 100 pound.although have good income，but tom never saving and usually lend money.he abandon by people after he was defeated by boxer named Jack.he was arrested for he doesn‘t repay，and he dead  in 1836 years for poor.

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