【2016.05】前房注射头孢呋辛可降低白内障术后眼内炎

 

【据《JAMAOphthalmol》2016年5月报道】题:前房内注射头孢呋辛阻止伴或不伴围手术期囊膜破...

【据《JAMA Ophthalmol》 2016年5月报道】题:前房内注射头孢呋辛阻止伴或不伴围手术期囊膜破裂的白内障术后眼内炎的有效性和安全性评价(英文题:Effectiveness and Safety of an Intracameral Injection of Cefuroxime for the Prevention of Endophthalmitis After Cataract Surgery With or Without Perioperative Capsular Rupture;作者:Vincent Daien等;作者单位:法国蒙彼利埃Gui de Chauliac医院眼科)

白内障手术是有效的和相对安全的。术后最严重的并发症有视网膜脱离、黄斑囊样水肿以及眼内炎。术后眼内炎(postoperative endophthalmitis,POE)可以导致严重的视力损害。POE的高危因素包括高龄(≥85岁)、男性、围手术期并发症、透明角膜切口等。POE的发生率较之前有增加,可能由于角膜透明切口的转变。2002年开始,瑞典眼科医生常规前房注射头孢呋辛治疗POE,并取得良好的结果。有研究表明,前房注射头孢呋辛是有效的,可以将POE的发生率降低5倍。目前,并没有关于头孢呋辛预防POE的使用标准。一些医生不使用头孢呋辛预防POE,主要是担心其作为非商业制备的抗菌制剂所带来的风险。白内障手术围手术期的主要并发症是晶状体囊膜的破裂,可以导致视力下降,增加黄斑囊样水肿、POE的发生率。2011年,白内障手术中前房注射头孢呋辛已经被法国当局批准。我们现在是评估在常规临床应用中头孢呋辛对POE的影响。因此,我们的研究目的是评估从2010年1月至2014年10月在法国POE发病率的转变,及其在白内障手术中前房注射头孢呋辛的关系,以及其他危险因素。另外,对前房注射头孢呋辛视网膜的安全性的评估。

本研究数据来源于2010年1月至2014年10月间,在法国行白内障手术的病人。病人接受白内障超声乳化吸除和人工晶状体植入术。玻璃体切除术治疗后囊膜破裂被记录,黄斑囊样水肿作为评估视网膜安全性的指标。

结果显示:2434008位病人(3351401眼)行白内障手术。术后6周1941位病人发生POE。自2010年至2014年随着头孢呋辛预防注射的使用增加,POE的发生率降低。多因素回归分析,头孢呋辛的使用使POE发生率降低(比值比,0.61 [95% CI,0.56-0.68])。注射头孢呋辛,黄斑囊样水肿的发生率并没有增加。对于围手术期伴囊膜破裂的病人,接受头孢呋辛治疗者较未接受治疗者,POE发生率明显降低(0.37% vs 0.51%,[P =0.001]),但黄斑囊样水肿的发生率并无差异(5.6% vs 7.3%,[P = .12])。

因此本研究结果提示,白内障手术前房注射头孢呋辛可以降低POE的发生率,并且对于伴或不伴囊膜破裂的病人来说都是安全的。

(于新新 报道)


IMPORTANCE:

Postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) often results in severe visual impairment. In clinical studies, an intracameral cefuroxime injection at the end of surgery was found to be effective at reducing the incidence of POE. Two important issues are the retinal safety of cefuroxime and its use for patients with perioperative capsular rupture where the risk of POE is dramatically increased.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the effectiveness and retinal safety of an intracameral injection of cefuroxime sodium for the prevention of POE and its possible use in cases of a perioperative capsular rupture of the lens.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

Population-based cohort study of patients 40 years of age or older who underwent cataract surgery at 1 of 1546 French health care facilities, public or private, and whose medical records were obtained from the national administrative database. Data analyses were performed between March and November 2015.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

The effectiveness and safety of the prophylactic injection of cefuroxime as measured by the incidence of POE and cystoid macular edema.

RESULTS:

From January 2010 to October 2014, a total of 3 351 401 eyes of 2 434 008 patients 40 years of age or older (58.9% were women, and the mean [SD] age was 73.9 [9.5] years) underwent cataract surgery; 1941 patients (0.08%) developed POE during the 6 weeks after cataract surgery. The incidence of POE after cataract surgery decreased over the course of the study (0.11%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.06%, and 0.05% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively [P = .001 for trend]) as the use of cefuroxime prophylactic injections increased (11.1%, 14.4%, 32.8%, 64.8%, and 79.1% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively [P = .001 for trend]). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of POE was reduced with the use of cefuroxime (odds ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.56-0.68]). The retinal safety of an injection of cefuroxime, which was assessed by multiadjusted odds of retinal cystoid macular edema, was not increased for patients receiving cefuroxime injections (odds ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71-1.05]). For patients with a perioperative capsular rupture of the lens (the major risk factor for POE), the incidence of POE was lower for those who received an injection of cefuroxime than for those who did not (0.37% vs 0.51%, respectively [P = .001]), whereas an increased risk of cystoid macular edema was not identified for those who received or did not receive an injection of cefuroxime (5.6% vs 7.3%, respectively [P = .12]).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

These data suggest that, in routine practice, the intracameral injection of cefuroxime at the conclusion of cataract surgery is associated with a lower risk of POE and is safe for patients with or without a perioperative capsular rupture. While these data might be used to support the consideration of its routine use to prevent POE, in the absence of a randomized clinical trial, they cannot prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the injection of cefuroxime and POE.
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