「王国教程」想学习如何画水彩画吗?给初学者的十条建议！

Paintingsmadewithwatercolorcanbesomeofthemost...




Paintings made withwatercolor can be some of the most beautiful works of art out there. There issomething about watercolor painting; done right, it can bring any subject tolife. Whether it's a portrait, landscape, or still life, a painting done withwatercolors can draw in a viewer into the subtle details and smooth washesunique to this painting medium!

水彩画可以说是最美的艺术作品，它自有独特之处，如果画法正确就能使所有东西栩栩如生。不论是肖像、风景，还是日常生活，水彩画能吸引观众注意其微妙的细节和独特的质感。

Unfortunately, watercolors are notoriously unforgiving. It can be tough whenyou're just starting out. Painting with watercolors can be incrediblyrewarding, but when an honest mistake completely ruins your artwork, it's easyto become frustrated and give up. Years of trial-and-error to learn techniqueswhich may or may not work for you seems a daunting journey. But wouldn't it benice to create something like the beautiful artworks done with watercolors?

不过，水彩画也是最无情的，刚开始学的时候很不容易。画水彩画其实是非常有成就感的，但当一个无心之过彻底毁了你的作品的时候，会很容易让人变得沮丧，甚至想要放弃。用多年的实践和错误去获得其中的窍门也不一定有用，这似乎是一段艰巨的旅程。但能够用水彩创造出美丽的艺术品难道不是一件很美好的事情吗？

This quick guide will give you 10 great tips to start your watercolor careeroff on the right foot!

这篇快速指南将带领你开启水彩画旅程的第一步！

Tip 1: Get The Right Paper

提示1：用纸要正确



Unlike painting with acrylics or oils, where you can pretty much painton anything up to and including a piece of scrap wood in the alley, paintingwith watercolors is a big headache if you don't have a proper surface to painton.

水彩画不像丙烯画或油画随便在胡同里找块废木材就能当画板，用纸合不合适是一个大问题。

Stick with "watercolor paper". Thereare a huge variety of watercolor papers available, and it will take some experimentationto find what kind of paper you like best. Art supply stores stock a number oftypes, start with an inexpensive watercolor paper and go from there.

继续说“水彩纸”。水彩纸各种各样，一般在用过之后才知道你最喜欢哪种。美术用品店里各种类型都有，初学者可以用价格便宜点的。

Another good option is a "watercolorblock". These are basically small sheets of watercolor paper glued into a"sketchpad" type of setup. However, more of the edges are glued, tokeep the paper from warping and buckling. These are especially good for studiesand the like.

另一种选择是“水彩画块”。基本上是由小张水彩纸粘成一套“画板”的样子。但大部分边缘被粘住了，以保持纸张平整。这些作为练习等都是不错的选择。

Note: Don't even try to paint on regular "bond" paper (thestuff that comes out of printers and photocopiers), or poster board, oranything like that. Stick with watercolor paper. You'll thank me.

注意：不要尝试去用“券类纸”（就是用来打印和复印的纸），也别用广告纸或类似的东西。一定要用水彩纸。以后你就知道了。

Tip 2: Get The Right Brushes

提示2：用笔要正确




When you're starting out in watercolors, you've got enough to wrap yourmind around without having to deal with inferior brushes. Fighting withimproper tools means your work isn't going to be as nice as it could be. Plus,the added frustration means you're that much more likely to give up. Which isnot what we want!

刚学水彩画的时候，你肯定在纠结要不要用廉价一点的画笔。但是不合适的画笔画出来肯定不是你想要的效果。随之而来的问题会让你坚持不下去的，这可不是我们的初衷！

I'm going to say this right up front: goodwatercolor brushes are expensive. But, you don't need to buy a whole bunch ofthem. When you're starting out, all you'll really need are a couple roundbrushes (small and medium), and a couple flat brushes (medium and large). Thisway, you can enjoy top-quality brushes from the outset, and then simply addmore brushes as you go, and your budget allows.

我要说的是：好的水彩画笔是很贵的。但是，你不需要买一大堆的。刚开始，你需要的是一对圆头刷（小号、中号），一对平刷（中号、大号）。这样你就可以从一开始就用高品质的笔刷，等到经济条件允许再入手更多的刷子就好了。

Tip 3: Make A Proper Work Area

提示3：找个合适的工作区

If you're going to be spending a good amount of time painting, you'llreally need a good painting area.
如果你要花大量的时间去绘画，你真的需要一个好的工作区。

If you have a room you can use as a studio,that's great! You'll be able to have a dedicated area for your painting, androom to outfit it with handy items like a drying rack, or a plan file (acabinet with wide, shallow drawers great for storing paintings).

如果你有一个空间可以作为一个工作室就太棒了！你会有一个专门画画的地方，再配备一些常用的物品如干燥架，或物品架（有宽大的浅抽屉的橱柜，用来存储画。）

If you don't have the space, or budget, for such fancy items, don'tworry. All you'll really need to maximize your enjoyment while painting is atable with enough space for your paper and supplies, and a nice chair that willbe comfortable and easy on your back, neck and shoulders while you spend hourspainting.
如果你没有空间或者预算购置这些昂贵的东西，不要担心。只要有一张足够摆放你的纸和绘画用品的桌子，一个适合长时间绘画的舒服椅子，就能够使你最大限度地享受画画的乐趣。

Try to keep your area neat and tidy, as well asorganized. Clean and organized spaces are calming, while cluttered ones causestress and frustration. Not being able to find a tube of paint or a brush whenyou need it also causes stress and frustration, so try to keep your areaorganized!

尽量保持工作区域整洁，并且有序。干净整齐的空间让人内心平静，而混乱的空间则带来压力和沮丧。当你需要一管油漆或笔刷却找不到时也容易产生压力和失望，所以尽量保持你的工作区域有条有理！

Tip 4: Don't Buy Too Many Expensive Paints

提示4：不要买太多昂贵的颜料



Like brushes, good quality watercolor paints aren't cheap. But ratherthan buy a tube of everything, you simply need the basics. The primaries: yellow,red and blue. Black. White (not quite as necessary in watercolor painting, butfeel free to experiment). Maybe a nice green, or a brown. That's about it,really. You can mix any color out of those basic paints.

像笔刷一样，优质水彩颜料是不便宜的。但是不是所有的都要买，你只需要基本的就够了。初选：黄、红、蓝。黑色和白色（在水彩画中不是必须的，但可以试试）。也可以选漂亮的绿色或者棕色。这些就够了，真的。你可以用这些基本色调成其他颜色。

In fact, by limiting yourself to this basicpalette, and forcing yourself to mix your desired colors by hand, you'll gain abetter eye for color overall. Save money while improving your skills!

其实，把自己限制在这几个基本色上，并迫使自己去调制你所需的颜色，会提高你的颜色鉴别力。省钱又能提高技能！

Tip 5: Practice Seeing

提示5：练习观察

One of the hardest lessons for budding artists to learn, regardless ofwhat medium they choose to use, is how to "see".

对于艺术家新手来说，最难的不是画画的媒介，而是如何“看”。

The ability to observe properly is one of themost important tools that an artist has. In order to gain this tool, however,we have to alter how we look at the world around us.
观察能力是一个艺术家拥有的最重要的工具之一。但是为了获得这项能力，我们必须改变看待周围世界的视角。



Most humans look for "content andcontext". When we see a face, we look to see if it's someone we know. Welook to see if there is an expression on that face that contains importantinformation, like if the person looks angry or aggressive. It's human nature.But if you want your art to capture the world around you with any accuracy,you're going to have to go beyond that.

大多数人都只看“主角和环境”。当看到一张脸，我们首先会想有没有见过，这张脸上的表情有没有包含重要信息，比如这个人看起来是不是生气或挑衅。这是出于人的本性。但是如果你想让你的作品能更准确地捕捉到周围世界，你就必须看得更深。

When you look at a face, you're going to haveto look and see the spatial relationship of its parts. The distance between thebottom of the nose and the top of the lip, for instance. The size of the ears.The shape of the eyebrow. Not only that, but you'll have to look for the"tone" or "value" (the lightness or darkness) of the skin,the shadows and the highlights. You'll have to look for the colour. Is it warm,or cool? Is it bright, or less saturated? How would you describe the color, andhow would you mix it on your palette?
当你看到一张脸，你就必须看到它各个结构之间的空间关系。例如，鼻子底部和嘴唇顶部之间的距离，耳朵的大小，眉毛的形状。不仅如此，你还必须看到皮肤的“色调”或“深浅度”（是黑还是白）以及阴影和高光。你还要看色调冷暖？饱和度高低？你又该如调制这些颜色？

Observation is an incredibly important skillfor an artist. Try it out today! As you improve at observing the world aroundyou with artist's eyes, you'll find that your artistic skills will improve evenwhen you're not painting!

观察能力对于艺术家是非常重要的。现在就尝试吧！当你用艺术家的眼光来观察世界时，你会发现即使没有画画你的水平也在提高！

Tip 6: Do Thumbnail Sketches & Studies

提示6：画小草图并多做练习

When the great masters started their masterpieces, do you think theysimply walked up to their canvas and started painting? Of course not. They madedozens of little sketches, and studies, to work out the large and small ideasthey had for the work. And so should you.
当大师们开始创作时，你以为他们只是走到画布旁就开始画了？当然不是。他们画了几十个小草图去研究，去构思画作。你也应该向他们学习。

Thumbnail sketches are a wonderful tool forartists. I will bet you'll even come to enjoy doing them. Thumbnail sketchesare small sketches, no more than an inch or two square, where you can quicklyexpress your ideas on paper and see how well they work. This is not the time toobsess over details; Simply have fun with it! Play around, doodle whatever youlike. The best ideas emerge when you're not trying to censor yourself.
画小草图是一种很好的方法，我敢打赌你会喜欢做这些的。草图很小，一张不超过1或2平方英寸，你可以快速地将你的想法画在纸上，试试有没有效果。不要花时间纠结于细节；随心所欲就行！各种玩，喜欢什么都可以涂鸦出来。最好的想法往往在你懂得释放自己的时候出现。

Try this: next time you go to start a painting,do a half-dozen thumbnail sketches of various compositions you could use,before you even think about dipping your brush into paint. Go wild. Of course,you can do more sketches if you like. Hundreds even. Just try to make it morethan "a few" and you'll be alright.
试试这样做：下次画画之前，先画几张缩略草图，画上你能用到的各种元素，然后再动笔

创作。要大胆。当然，如果你喜欢，你可以多画几张，甚至几百张。尽量多画，你就步入正轨了。

Studies are also useful tools to figure out "how things shouldwork" when you're planning a painting. You don't have to stick to pencil,either. Maybe make a few "mini paintings" on a scrap piece ofwatercolor paper, to figure out what kind of color scheme you should use. Or ifyou aren't sure exactly how to paint a certain area, say a persons hand, youcan do a few "practice runs" to try it out seewhat works best.

练习也是在画画时找到“创作方法”的一种有效手段。也不一定拘泥于铅笔，可以在废纸上做一些“小画”，以确定用什么样的配色方案。或者如果你不知道如何画出某一个结构，比如人的手，你可以做一些“来回练习”，看看哪种出来的效果最好。

Tip 7: Make Interesting Compositions

提示7：制作有趣的构图



Even if you're a good painter, using a boring composition is akin to"shooting yourself in the foot". Even if it is nicely painted, aboring composition in your painting means that no one will want to look at itfor more than a few seconds, before moving on. Composition can be a verycomplicated subject, but luckily there are a few quick and easy tips forimproving your composition skills.

即使你是一个好画家，如果构图不好等于是“搬起石头砸自己的脚”。即使它是一幅好画，如果构图不好也不会让人有想多看几眼的欲望。构图说起来很复杂，但还好有几个快速简单的窍门来提高这方面的技能。

First, use the "rule of thirds". Takeyour paper and divide it into 3 columns and 3 rows. Now start to draw yourcomposition, putting the important parts (the "focal points") like aperson's face or whatever you might be painting, either OVER ONE OF THE INTERSECTIONSor ALONG ONE OF THE DIVISIONS. This way, you won't put the most importantpieces of your painting right smack dab in the middle (boring) or butted upagainst the edge (awkward). Try it! This method is tried, test and true, and isused by everyone from fine art painters to professional photographers.
首先是“三分法”。把你的画面分为3列3行。现在开始构图，把重要的部分（“焦点”），比如人脸或其他你要画的部分，要么画在其中一个交叉点上，要么沿一个分块。这样你就不会把最重要的部分正好摆在中间（没创意）或放到边缘上（很尴尬）。试试吧！这种方法是经过各种实践验证了的，从画家到专业摄影师都这么做。

Another great tip for designing goodcompositions is to avoid "tangents". Tangents are areas where edgesof objects just barely touch or overlap only slightly. Viewers will find this"uncomfortable" even if they don't know why. If you find yourcomposition has a number of tangents, here's what you can do: either A) moveyour objects apart a little more to give them some separation, or B) overlapthem some more so their edges aren't right together.
另外一个好办法是避免“有切线”。切线就是两个物体的边缘刚刚接触或有轻微重叠的地方。即使外行也会觉得有切线的部分“不舒服”。如果你的构图出现了这样的切线，你可以这么改造：1）把两个物体分开一点，使两者中间有点距离；2）将两者重叠起来一部分使他们的边缘不是恰好挨在一起。

There's plenty more to learn about composition,but if you use these two tips you'll find it makes an immediate improvement.

有关构图还有很多需要学习的地方，但运用这两个小技巧也能立即见效。

Tip 8: Include A Large Range Of Values/Contrast

提示8：运用大范围的深浅度或对比度



What is "value"? The "value" of something, in art,describes how light or dark it is. Imagine a scale starting with bright, purewhite and ending with deep, total black, with 50% gray in the middle.

什么是“深浅度”？绘画中的“深浅度”指的是物体亮或暗的程度。想象一下从纯白色到50%灰色到纯黑色这样的一个数值变化范围。

A common mistake for beginning artists(especially those using watercolor) is to make paintings with predominantlymedium values. This will make your painting appear dull and "washedout". By including a wide range of values, your paintings will have moreimpact and be more dramatic. Try to make the darks DARK, and the lights LIGHT.
艺术家新手（特别是使用水彩作画的）常犯的一个错误是只使用深浅度中等的颜色。这会使你的绘画显得单调而“黯淡”。需要通过运用大范围的深浅度值，使你的画更吸引人、更多变。该浅时浅，该深时深。

Note: You don't have to include a full range ofvalues in EVERY OBJECT. If you're not careful, this can make it look likeeverything in your painting is made out of plastic. Knowing what values to usecomes back to observation (see tip #5).

注意：你不必每画一个东西都用大范围的深浅度值。因为如果一不小心，就会使你画的所有东西看起来都像塑料质感。要知道具体怎么使用深浅度就要学会观察（见提示5）。

Tip 9: Design Harmonious Color Schemes

提示9：设计和谐的配色方案



What's a harmonious color scheme? Colors that "go together"well. While the actual colors you paint with will vary as you mix and blendpaint, try to aim for "overall" colors that do not clash or seemgarish with one another.
和谐的色彩方案是什么？就是“能在一起”的颜色。实际使用的颜色由于你的混合调配会出现变化，但尝试着眼于“整体”颜色，使各种颜色彼此看起来不冲撞或突兀。

One easy way to do this is to use"complementary" colors. A color wheel starts with yellow, goes aroundto green, blue, violet, red, orange before coming back to yellow. Complementarycolors are opposites on the color wheel. For instance, yellow is complementaryto violet. Green is complementary to red (think Christmas time!). Blue iscomplementary to orange (look at Squidoo's color scheme).
一种简单的解决方法是使用“互补色”。在色相环中从黄色开始，依次为绿色，蓝色，紫色，红色，橙色，再回到黄色。在色相环中互补色是对立的。例如，黄色互补色是紫色的。绿色互补色是红色（想想圣诞节！）蓝色互补色是橙色（详见Squidoo的配色方案）。

One thing to keep in mind is that when usingcomplementary colors in your color scheme, try not to have them be the same"value" (see above tip on value and contrast) and saturation (howvivid the color is). If this happens, the colors will seem to"vibrate" next to each other which will cause those looking at yourpainting physical pain (heh heh). The best way to see what I'm talking about isto try it out on a scrap piece of paper... try getting two blocks ofcomplementary colours as close as possible in value and saturation, right nextto each other... you'll see what I mean. To avoid this, simply make one of thecolors lighter or darker than the other, or less saturated.
要记住的一点是，在使用互补色时，尽量不让他们有相同的“深浅度”（见上面提示的深浅度和对比度）和饱和度（指颜色的鲜艳程度）。否则颜色会显得“晃动”，造成看画的人身体不舒服（嘿嘿）。你可以在一张纸上试试，把两个互补色画在一起，用接近的深浅度和饱和度…你会明白我的意思。为了避免这种情况，只需使其中一个颜色深浅度增加或减少，或降低饱和度。

Of course, this is only the tip of the icebergwhen it comes to picking colors. There are also triadic color schemes,tetradic, and more. A few resources for learning about colors and how theyrelate to each other are:ColorSchemeDesigner.com or https://color.adobe.com/
当然，这只是颜色搭配的一小部分。也有三色搭配方案，多色搭配方案等。学习有关颜色的内容以及颜色之间的关系请参阅：ColorSchemeDesigner.com或者https://color.adobe.com/

Tip 10: Practice, Practice, Practice!

提示10：练习，练习，再练习！

As with anything in life, true mastery of watercolors will not comeovernight, or by reading a lens on Squidoo. You have to work at it. Practice your painting with thesetips in mind, and you will surely improve.正如生活中的其他事情，水彩的真正掌握不会一蹴而就。你必须为之付出。在练习绘画中运用这些提示，你必将有所提高。

Something to keep in mind while you'repainting: try to relax and enjoy the process. What use is having the ability topaint like a master if you don't actually ENJOY painting? The journey is moreimportant than the destination. Simply have fun with your painting, andeverything else will follow.

Thanks for reading!

在你绘画时要记住：放松并享受整个过程。如果你都不喜欢绘画，即使画得很好又有什么用？重要的是过程而不是结果。享受绘画，一切都会有所回报。

感谢阅读！

翻译：Yui

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