训练节奏感的科学方法

 

关于节拍器的使用,《基础钢琴练习法》这本书中有整段讲解,主要讲了一点:想节奏感好,就要自己心里数拍子数得准。...





关于节拍器的使用,《基础钢琴练习法》这本书中有整段讲解,主要讲了一点:

想节奏感好,就要自己心里数拍子数得准。如果想检验自己数得是不是准了,就用一节拍器。但是节拍器不能代替你心里数拍子。

摘录如下。

第45页,“Accurate Tempo and Metronome”(准确的节奏与节拍器的用法)

先是几条原则,看了心里有印象就好,因为重点是后面关于节拍器的用法

Start all pieces by counting carefully, especially for beginners and youngsters.
开始学一首曲子的时候,仔细数拍子,尤其是对于初学者和小朋友,更应该仔细数拍子。

Use the metronome to check your speed and beat accuracy. …… For example, I tend to slow down at difficult sections and speed up at easy ones, although I think it is actually the opposite when playing without the metronome. …… As soon as the student gets the timing, it should be shut off.
用节拍器来检查你自己数得是否准确了。… 举例说,我以为我会把难的地方数快,而把简单的地方数慢,但是实际上老是把难的地方数慢,把简单的地方数快。…但是一旦数正确之后,就应该把节拍器关掉。



要把节拍器关掉?听起来很让人纳闷,所以以下是解释。

Metronomes should not be over used. Long practice sessions with the metronome accompanying you are harmful to technique acquisition and leads to non-musical playing. When the metronome is used for more than about 10 minutes continually, your mind will start to play mental tricks on you so that you may lose the timing accuracy. For example, if the metronome emits clicks, after some time, your brain will create anti-clicks in your head that can cancel the metronome click so that you will either not hear the metronome anymore, or will hear it at the wrong time.
节拍器不应该过度使用。如果一次很长的练习期间节拍器一直开着,就有可能对技艺的学习造成影响,且会使弹出的声音显得机械化且没有音乐性。当连续使用(无论是发声的还是不发声的)节拍器10分钟时,你的脑子里会响起幻觉的节拍声,对你的节拍准确度造成影响。比如说发嘀答声的节拍器,你听了一段时间这样的节拍声之后,脑子里就会产生相应的“反节拍”(在每次节拍声要响起的时候预先响起),于是就会将你听到的真正的节拍器的声音扰乱,这样你要么就会漏拍,要么就会抢拍。

This is why most modern electronic metronomes have a light pulse mode. The visual cue is less prone to mental tricks and also does not interfere acoustically with the music. The most frequent abuse of the metronome is to use it to ramp up speed; this abuses the metronome, the student, the music, and the technique. If you must ramp up the speed gradually, use the metronome to set the tempo, then turn it off and then keep on practicing; then use it again briefly when you increase the speed. The metronome is for setting the tempo and for checking your accuracy. It is not a substitute for your own internal timing.
现代的电子节拍器具有闪光模式,可以回避可能带来的声音干扰,因为视觉提示不会让你脑子里产生反节拍,也不会对听见的音乐造成干扰。如果觉得只要一直开着节拍器,然后把节拍器的速度提高,弹奏的速度就会相应提高,那就是一种很多人常犯的误解这种方法会对学生、老师和所弹的音乐都造成困扰。如果你非得一点一点提高速度,正确的使用节拍器的方法应该是这样的:把节拍器设为想要练习的速度,听一小会节拍声,然后关掉,继续练习;练习一段时间后,每次觉得可以加速了,就把节拍器速度加快一点儿,再听一小会节拍声,再接着练习。节拍器是用于检查你自己心里数得准不准的;节拍器永远不能代替你自己心里数的节拍。



除此之外,书里面有些内容和“节奏感”有间接的关系。这些内容都比较细微,但是拼起来以后,可能能用于发现意想不到的问题。
第44页在讲「慢练」时,说一了「脑子里想到的曲子要比真正弹的行进得更快」:

An important skill to practice when playing slowly is to think ahead of the music. When practicing a new piece fast, there is a tendency to mentally fall behind the music and this can become a habit. This is bad because that is how you lose control. Think ahead when playing slowly and then try to maintain that lead when you get back up to speed. By thinking ahead, you can usually foresee flubs or difficulties coming and have the time to take appropriate action.
慢练的目的是让你的记忆比手走得更快。当快速练习新曲子的时候,很有可能你回忆的速度是落后于弹的动作的。这个落后的现象不是很好,因为当落后时你就没法控制(曲子的速度和节奏的平稳等等)。所以(在好像能很快地弹出来时候)要慢练,在慢练的过程中,一定要始终让回忆的速度走在弹奏的动作的前面。只要能让回忆的速度走在前面,你就能提前预知可能发生问题的地方,并做好准备。
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