（建筑赏析）挪威KRONA知识与文化中心

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文章编号：JZSX124

KRONA知识与文化中心坐落于挪威Kongsberg市，是一栋包含大学设施、3间影厅、1间公共图书馆、1间含600个座位的礼堂和市政办公室在内的综合体。

The KRONA Knowledge and Cultural Centre located in Kongsberg, Norway, is a complex of university facilities, 3 cinemas, a public library, a 600-seat auditorium and municipal functions.

▽ 南立面，south facade



▽ 北立面，north facade



综合功能 Synergy

KRONA知识与文化中心的建立在提高Kongsberg市的文化基础设施的同时，也激发着多元化的群体与学科之间进行更多的交流。KRONA中心这个多功能的综合体不仅承担着Buskerud University College以及Tinius Olsen Technical Vocational College的教室和实验室的功能，还作为公共图书馆、电影院、市政办公室和剧院礼堂等。设计通过将这些具备着不同功能的空间布置在一个空旷的中心区域周围，确保使用者可以灵活地穿梭其中而避免了冗余的路程。逐渐上升的阶梯有意地设置在各个入口，引导着参观者不由自主地向中心走去。遍布整个室内空间的视觉系统与公共功能有着明显的连接，为整个建筑带来了更多活力。

The KRONA Knowledge and Cultural Centre enhances Kongsberg’s cultural institutions and stimulates interaction between diverse communities and disciplines. Comprised of a variety of functions, KRONA houses new teaching and technical laboratory facilities for Buskerud University College and Tinius Olsen Technical Vocational College, as well as a technical university library. The complex also includes a public library, cinemas, municipal offices and a theatre auditorium. Its functions are organised around a central void with shared functions, enhancing flexibility and reducing programme redundancy. Using subtle landscape elevations and strategically locating programme access points, visitors intuitively gravitate towards the Centre. Throughout the interior spaces, strong visual connections to public functions further enhance the liveliness of the complex.





周围环境 Context

KRONA中心坐落于Kongsberg最有辨识度的地区，在挪威最古老的大学建筑一侧，与其周围的历史环境有着非常微妙的关联。由场地条件塑造而成的这栋建筑除了使用预制元件和地热能源以外，还采用了来自当地的材料。由粗糙的木板打造的立面既与当地的建筑风格相呼应，又与室内采用的木材、混凝土和反射日光的银色面板形成了对比。KRONA中心带有室外表演的露台，以及位于相邻的Hasebergtjerndalen公园之中的圆形剧场。位于综合体最核心区域的公共图书馆与大学图书馆，像是从整个建筑体量中切分出去，成为教堂广场公共区域的一部分延续。建筑周围庭院的石阶将人流逐渐引向室内，也保持了公共场地材料的一致性。

Located in one of Kongsberg’s most recognised locations alongside the oldest university building in Norway, Mecanoo’s design is sensitive to its historic context. It is shaped by the site conditions and opportunities. In addition to prefabricated elements, and use of ground source energy, the facility uses locally-sourced materials. A facade of rough slats references local architecture and contrasts with the interior of wood, concrete and subtle silver accents that reflect daylight. Facing the park, the building has a balcony for outdoor performances as well as an amphitheatre formed in the Hasebergtjerndalen park landscape below. The public and university libraries, located in the heart of the complex, appear to be cut from the building volume and continue the public space of the church square. The stone floor of the surrounding courtyards is drawn into the interior, enhancing the material continuity of the public realm.

▽ KRONA中心坐落于挪威最古老的大学建筑一侧，KRONA Knowledge and Cultural Centre is located alongside the oldest university building in Norway



▽ 相邻的Hasebergtjerndalen公园之中的圆形剧场，an amphitheatre formed in the Hasebergtjerndalen park landscape below



▽ 粗糙的木板打造的立面与当地的建筑风格相呼应  a facade of rough slats references local architecture



灵活应用 Flexible

KRONA知识与文化中心具有高度的灵活性：傍晚，大学食堂摇身一变成为一间咖啡厅，公共图书馆成为剧院大厅，艺术画廊则成为电影中心的吧台区域。整栋建筑最核心的概念致力于实现在组成和形式上的较强适应性。位于这个高度共享的建筑中心是一系列可以用于举办包括演讲、会议、表演、招待会和音乐会等的组合房间。礼堂的设计包含多种不同的构型。娱乐空间的设计尽可能地开放而灵活，在营造出活跃的社交氛围的同时，也与Kongsberg市的历史背景保持紧密的联系。

The KRONA Knowledge and Cultural Centre is highly flexible: in the evening the university canteen transforms into a café, the public library serves as a theatre foyer and the art gallery transforms into a bar for the film centre. The very concept of the building is adaptable in its components and form. Central to the shared programme is a number of large assembly rooms that accommodate a range of events including lectures, meetings, performances, receptions and concerts. The auditoria in the heart of the building are equipped for a variety of different configurations. These entertainment spaces are designed to be as open and flexible as possible, yet also create a vibrant, social atmosphere, and a connection to Kongsberg’s historical context.

▽ 空旷的中心区域确保使用者可以灵活地穿梭于不同功能的空间，a central void with shared functions enhances flexibility









▽ 教室，classrooms



▽ 图书馆，library



▽ 黑匣子剧场，black box theater





▽ 夜景，night view





▽ 立面，facades









Programme: Cultural and educational building of 24,000 m2, including university facilities, 3 cinemas, a public library, a 600-seat auditorium and municipal functions
Client: Kongsberg Kommune; Bolten Eiendom AS, Vestby, Norway
Design: 2012-2013
Realisation: 2013-2015
Architect: Mecanoo architecten, Delft, the Netherlands
Local architect: Code Arkitektur, Oslo, Norway
Structural engineer: Rambøll Norge AS, Oslo, Norway
ME engineer: EM Teknikk – Energi AS, Drammen, Norway
Fire safety consultant: Rambøll Norge AS, Oslo, Norway
Main contractor: Strøm Gundersen AS, Drammen, Norway

资料来源：gooood

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