如何抚养出注意力难以集中的孩子？

教导孩子是一个家庭中极为关注的一件事，而在儿童成长过程中注意力的发展，对其各项能力的发展都有所影响，目前国外的一项研究就是针对孩子注意力方面的。...





教导孩子是一个家庭中极为关注的一件事，而在儿童成长过程中注意力的发展，对其各项能力的发展都有所影响，目前国外的一项研究就是针对孩子注意力方面的。



研究人员利用眼球追踪技术测试出人的注意力范围。最新的发现是，那些在玩的时候会分心的家长很有可能会抚养出注意力时间较短的孩子。因此，如果你不断地被手机打断和干扰的话，这个行为会传递给你的孩子。

Chen Yu教授是带领这次研究的教授，她解释道："孩子们维持注意力的能力被看作是一种重要的指标，关系到之后孩子们在语言习得等领域的成功与否,以及解决问题的能力和其他关键性认知的发展。”

"如果负责照顾孩子的成人在照顾孩子时经常出现心烦意乱或涣散的眼神，那对应的孩子玩的时候似乎也会出现负面的表现。可能是因为在孩子发育的婴儿时期，他们的注意能力正处在一个关键的发展阶段，而在那个时候就受到了影响。”

这项研究使用了头盔摄像头跟踪孩子和照顾者的眼球运动。



Linda Smith教授是这项研究的合作人，她说："从历史的角度来讲，心理学家一直认为注意力是人个体的一种属性。我们是最早关注到注意力会影响社交能力的团队之一。"

"研究显示，两个社会伙伴共同参与到一个活动中时，似乎真的其中一个人的注意力会明显影响着另一个人的。”

如果让父母和看护人分为两组去和孩子玩，一组让孩子自己去玩他们想玩的东西，而另一组则指引孩子们玩。

根据这个分组研究结果，Yu教授说："相当一部分的家长实在是“太努力”了。他们都急着想炫耀他们为人父母的技巧，帮孩子拿着他们的玩具告诉他们这个东西是什么。”

但其实当你看到镜头的轨迹的时候，你是能够真实地看到孩子的目光其实是游离的，一会看天花板，一会又看看家长的肩膀---他们完全没有在集中注意力。

Yu教授说：“其实最好的策略是让孩子自己做主导。只要当孩子有需要的时候父母及时给出回应，就能够很好地帮助孩子找到自己的兴趣同时有助于保持住较好的注意力。我们发现，当孩子需要家长的回应时，家长甚至不太需要重新对孩子感兴趣的事情再定义，孩子们自己就可以进行的很不错。”

很多家长在陪伴孩子玩玩具的时候，实际上分散了自己多达四次的注意力，去关注孩子的注意力技巧本身。当家长容易分散自己的注意力的话，那么他们的孩子也会是这样的。

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下面是原文：

How To Raise Children With Short Attention Spans

Researchers used eye tracking technology to test out attention spans.Parents who let their attention wander during playtime could be raising children with shorter attention spans, new research finds.So, being continuously distracted by your phone could be ‘passed on’ to your children.

Professor Chen Yu, who led the study, explained:“The ability of children to sustain attention is known as a strong indicator for later success in areas such as language acquisition, problem-solving and other key cognitive development milestones.”

“Caregivers who appear distracted or whose eyes wander a lot while their children play appear to negatively impact infants’ burgeoning attention spans during a key stage of development.”

The study involved using head-mounted cameras to track child and caregivers eye movements.

Professor Linda Smith, a study co-author, said:“Historically, psychologists regarded attention as an property of individual development.Our study is one of the first to consider attention as impacted by social interaction.

“It really appears to be an activity performed by two social partners since our study shows one individual’s attention significantly influence another’s.”

Parents and caregivers fell into two categories while playing with their children.Some left children to play with what they wanted while others directed their children more

Professor Yu said:“A lot of the parents were really trying too hard.They were trying to show off their parenting skills, holding out toys for their kids and naming the objects.

But when you watch the camera footage, you can actually see the children’s eyes wandering to the ceilings or over their parents’ shoulders—they’re not paying attention at all.”

The best strategy was to let the children lead, said Professor Yu:“The responsive parents were sensitive to their children’s interests and then supported their attention.We found they didn’t even really need to try to redirect where the children were looking.”

Children who played with toys while their parents actually paid attention demonstrated four times the attentional skills themselves.When parents were easily distracted, though, so were the children.

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