石视界（第27期）中国工艺美术大师牛克思 Chinese Master of Arts and Crafts Niu Kesi
牛克思出生在青田县山口镇石雕世家。8岁随父学艺，十七八岁在当地已小有名气，由于性格耿直，朋友们鼓动他刻上牛克思作艺名，就这样，当年的林汉立变成了如今的牛克思了。...
《芙蓉国里尽朝辉》
牛克思出生在青田县山口镇石雕世家。8岁随父学艺，十七八岁在当地已小有名气，由于性格耿直，朋友们鼓动他刻上牛克思作艺名，就这样，当年的林汉立变成了如今的牛克思了。其作品《万里雄风》1998年获青田石雕行业评比特等奖，1999年，《梦圆世纪》组雕获中国工艺美术学会举办的中国工艺美术大师精品展暨首届中国优秀工艺美术作品展金奖；2001年中国候选国石作品展评，其作品《枯木逢春》获金奖、《江南黄芽菜》获银奖。作品《楼阁山子》，在2007年2月18日的北京秋季拍卖会上拍出了1344万元天价，创下中国工艺美术品最高记录。2006年被授予中国工艺美术大师。出版有《牛克思青田石雕作品选》。
Niu Kesi was born in a family with a tradition of stone carving in Shankou Town, Qingtian County. He started learning from his father since he was 8 and earned a great reputation when he was only 17 years old. Because of his candid character, his friends persuaded him that he should change his name Lin Hanli into Niu Kesi. His work Wanlixiongfeng was awarded the special award in 1998 and his Mengyuanshiji the gold prize. In 2001, the Chinese national stone competition awarded his work Kumufengchun as the gold prize and Jiangnanhuangyacai as the silver prize. Lougeshanzi was bid 13.44 million yuan, the record of Chinese stone auction. Niu was awarded as the Chinese National Master of Arts and Crafts. He also published a book called Stone Carvings by Niu Kesi.
《江南黄芽菜》
牛克思是第一个游学欧洲求艺的石雕大师。他打工挣钱，跑遍了欧洲名城，参观各种艺术馆，感悟达·芬奇、毕加索等一位位艺术大师的艺术魅力，如饥似渴吸取西方艺术养分。他领悟到了“没有学过人物雕塑的人是永远做不好石雕的”的艺术真谛。欧洲游学使牛克思在艺术上有很大的长进。
Niu is the first master of stone carving who went to Europe to learn European arts. He did part time jobs to make a living and went to many museums all over Europe. He experienced the charming arts of Da Vinci, Picasso, etc and eagerly learned the essence of European arts. He understood that one who never learned figure sculpture would never master stone carving. The experience in Europe helped Niu improve himself.
《天衣无缝》
《鸿福齐天》
牛克思是第一个进入中国美院进修研究生课程的石雕大师。2002年9月牛克思出人意料地选择进入我国最高的艺术殿堂—中国美院进修。牛克思在他的毕业论文里说：”走的路太多了，路也反过来走吾，给吾以思索……有朋友说，像你人到中年，事业有成，还进美院，划算的来吗？孰不知，这个中之失即就是个中之得！孰不知青田石雕土气、小气不脱的症结即在吾辈的见识与学识过于狭窄！”
Niu is the first master of stone carving who entered the China Academy of Art. He entered the China
Academy of Art in Sept.2002 surprisingly. Niu wrote in his paper“When I have experienced enough, the experience consumes me, making me think in a different perspective……Some friends asked’With your middle age and professional success, did you cost too much to study in the art academy?’ They don't know this loss is gain! They don't know that the problem of the rube and small of Qingtian stone carving lies on our limited knowledge and experience!”
《黄芽菜》（青田石金玉冻）
牛克思的艺术成就得到了许多专家学者的认可。2005年5月，牛克思的呕心沥血之作《黄芽菜》面世，
当年就有藏家愿出1000万元收藏这颗”黄芽菜”，牛克思说：”我要用这颗'黄芽菜'挑战全世界以白菜为题材的艺术品，我要证明我雕的这颗'黄芽菜'，是世界上最棒的。"
《黄芽菜》高28公分，重8.5公斤，选用青田封门青中最好的石材—金玉冻雕刻，原石重21.5公斤。牛克思因色施雕，运用镂雕、园雕等青田石雕的传统手法，将金玉冻中金黄色部份雕刻成卷舒自然的菜心，青玉色部份雕刻成质感丰富的菜叶。更为神奇的是，菜心上竟然还有两只玉色小蝴蝶在振翅欲飞。中国美院教务处长、油画系教授翁诞宪说：”这是我们真正的美院艺术作品。”雕塑系主任龙翔教授说：”美院有牛大师这样的学生，我们感到骄傲！”
The accomplishment of Niu is acknowledged by many professional scholars. In May 2005, his work Huangyacai was finally finished. At that time, some collector was willing to pay 10 million yuan for this work. Niu said“This Huangyacai shall be the best work of soybean sprout. I am going to prove that this is the best one.” Huangyacai is 28 centimetres tall and 8.5 kilograms. Its raw material is the best stone in Qingtian stone——Jinyudong. The raw stone weighs 21.5 kilograms. Niu uses the original color and some traditional methods like hollowing to make the golden part of Jinyudong a natural
cabbage. The green part is carved as the leaves. The most magical part is the two flying butterflies on the cabbage. The direct of China Academy of Art, Weng Yanxian says“This is the real masterwork of our academy.” The director of Sculpture says that “We are really proud for a student like Master Niu.”
牛克思和《黄芽菜》
牛克思大师非常擅长雕刻白菜，事实上除了上面已经介绍过的两件作品之外，牛大师还有一件白菜的经典之作《金玉百财》，这件作品也是选用青田石中上好的金玉冻。
Master Nui are very good at carving cabbages. In fact, apart from the two pieces introduced above, he also has another masterpiece Jinyubaicai which is made from the great Qingtian stone Jinyudong.
《金玉百财》（现存于北京银帝艺术馆）
Niu has blended in his art linear expressiveness with a sense of moulding prevailing in the Western sculptural art, and has skilfully combined artistic conception with careful, precise carving, thus making pioneer contributions to the creation of large scale stone carving. Owing to his efforts, Qingtian stone carving has changed from a sort of handicraft to an art. Niu has succeeded in creating an enchanting world, a wonderland wherein“the hills are verdant and the trees leafy; the water is fresh and the stone smooth;” and has won fervent praise, as evidenced in the following lines:
Let nature remain uninvited,
Unless someone can excel it;
Legion though masters are,
Niu alone is beyond compare.
《雄奔》
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