高考｜民国老试卷，西南联大的高考英文题你会吗？
昨天，我们回顾了1977高考恢复那一年的英语高考题（点击了解1977高考英语题）今天，让我们再次“穿越”，来...
昨天，我们回顾了1977高考恢复那一年的英语高考题（点击了解1977高考英语题）
今天，让我们再次“穿越”，来看看民国时期的高考是什么样子。
各个高校是如何招生考试的？是由国家组织统考招生还是由各大学自主命题招考？要考哪些科目？英语也要考吗？
1912 年到 1937 年的民国时期，大学和高等专门学校实行单独招生考试，校自己组织进行，自主命题，招生试题各有特色，类似于现在的“自主招生”。由于存在效率、欠缺公平性等问题，南京国民政府从上世纪三十年代初开始，试行高校计划与统一招生。
1938 年开始，教育部设立了全国统一招生委员会，对全国国立大学和独立学院先后施行统一招生考试。然而统一高考仅实行了三年，抗日战争日趋严峻，统一招生“被迫停止。
在这样艰难的状况下，教育部开始实行小范围的联合招生，西南联合大学（The National SouthWest Associated University）也是其中一员。
（点击图片了解
西南联大与西南联大走出的翻译家们
）
五年后，西南联大在1946年5月4日宣告结束，三校开始复原员北返回。同年，也是西南联大最后一次招生。
今天《英语世界》就扒出了西南联大1941年与1946年的这两份英文考卷，来看看你都会吗～
西南联大招生考试题
命题人：胡适、朱自清、钱端升、雷海宗、钱穆、闻一多、江泽涵、吴大猷、华罗庚、陈寅恪、吴宓、叶公超……
答题人：钱锺书、何炳棣、资中筠、季羡林、金庸、陈省身、杨振宁、董辅礽……
参考译文：张白桦 试译
1941年英文试题
01
Translate the following paragraph into Chinese：（30 minutes）The old conditions of travel and the new conditions of most travel of today are exactly opposite. For in old travel, as on horseback or on foot now，you saw the country while you traveled. Many of your stopping places were for rest, or because night had fallen, and you could see nothing at night. Under the old system, therefore, a wise traveler might keep moving from day to day, slowly, indeed, but seeing something all the time, and learning what the country was through which he passed by, and talking with the people. But in the new system, he is shut up with his party and a good many other parties in a tight box with glass windows and whirled on through dust if it be dusty, or rain if it be rainy, under arrangements which make it impossible to talk with the people of the country, and almost impossible to see what that country is.
点击空白处查看参考译文
过去的旅行方式与今天大多数的新式旅行截然相反。过去的旅行者，可以骑在马上或者徒步行走，边旅行边观赏田园风光。之所以停下来驻足歇脚，大都是因为需要休息，或是因为夜幕降临，而夜晚则是什么也看不到的。因而在过去，一个聪明的旅行家总是夜伏昼行，白天总是不停地行进。这样一来，慢的确是慢了，却可以始终观赏到沿途的风光，还可以通过与当地人交流，了解所经地区的民俗风情。然而，今天的旅游者，却只能和跟旅游团以及旅游团成员一起，挤在玻璃窗紧闭的大巴里，风雨无阻，绝尘而去。由于行程安排得紧凑，他根本无暇与当地人交谈；对他所去的地方，也是走马观花，难以识得真面目。
02
Translate the following paragraphs into English：（30 minutes）
拿破仑带了六十万大兵，侵入俄国，俄国人自己知道敌不过拿破仑，就把村庄完全毁去，使敌军无处住宿。法军到了莫斯科，城里忽然起了大火，连烧了好几天。于是整个的莫斯科变成了一片焦土。法军在莫斯科城里，既没有房屋可住，又没有粮食可吃；再加大火之后，又下大雪，饿死冻死的不知多少。拿破仑只得下令退兵，到了途中，又被俄兵袭击，六十万大兵没有剩下多少。
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Led by Napoleon, 600,000 soldiers invaded Russia. The Russians knew that they were unable to resist the former, so they completely destroyed the villages and made the enemy nowhere to stay. When the French arrived in Moscow, a big fire suddenly broke out in the city and burned for several days ever since. So the whole Moscow became a scorched earth. In the city of Moscow, the French army had neither houses to live nor food to eat; what is more, it snowed heavily after the big fire, which resulted in countless deaths of starvation and frost. Napoleon had no choice but to withdraw his troops. To his surprise, he was attacked by Russian soldiers on the way back home. His 600,000 soldiers were hardly left any.
1946年英文试题
01
Translate the following passage into Chinese:The truth is that, although the extraordinarily industrious people of China no longer have their emperor, who prayed for them twice a year at the altar of Heaven, the overwhelming majority of them are still men and women of the country-side-agriculturists, or seamen. Few of them have yet traveled far from the ancient beliefs in the gods of the land, sea, river and home or clan. A truly urban class of the European kind is not yet established in China.
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事实就是，虽然勤劳无比的中国人民已经没有了一年为他们祈福两次的皇帝，中国的大多数男人和女人依然待在农村，还是农民或者渔民，他们很少有人会背弃对于土地、江河湖海、家族神祗的古老信仰，欧洲的那种名副其实的城市阶层在中国尚未形成。
02
Translate the following passage into Chinese:How I Learned my English
At twenty-eight, with seven dollars in his pocket, Abraham Lincoln went to Springfield, Illinois, to set up business as a lawyer. Springfield, at that has 1500 thousand people in it. It is not the biggest town Lincoln had ever seen; but it was a big town to him.
He settled down in Springfield. He married Mary Todd----a clever, ambitious woman with a difficult temper. They had children, and he liked to play with the children---even when they scattered pens and ink all over his office. He became a well-known lawyer; and on the whole a successful one. People knew he would not plead a case unless he thought had the right side of it. He was sent to Congress one term, but was not re-elected. It seemed, for a while, he would end his days as a small town lawyer, a local character.
点击空白处查看参考译文
我是怎么学英语的
亚伯拉罕·林肯二十八岁时，口袋里揣着七美元，到斯普林菲尔德州的伊利诺斯市创业当律师。斯普林菲尔德拥有150万人口，虽然不是林肯所见过的最大城市，但对他来说也算得上是一个大城市了。
他在斯普林菲尔德成家立业。他娶了玛丽·托德——一个聪明伶俐、雄心勃勃、脾气暴躁的女人。他们有了孩子，他喜欢和孩子们一起嬉戏，甚至在孩子们把笔和墨水在他的办公室里乱丢乱放时也不例外。他成了小有名气的律师；总体说来，他是个成功的律师。人们知道，除非他认为这个案子合理合法，否则他是不会代理的。他曾经被派往国会任过一个任期，但没有连任。一时间，他看起来会作为一个小镇律师、一个当地的人物，在这个小镇终老了。
亚伯拉罕·林肯二十八岁时，口袋里揣着七美元，到斯普林菲尔德州的伊利诺斯市创业当律师。斯普林菲尔德拥有150万人口，虽然不是林肯所见过的最大城市，但对他来说也算得上是一个大城市了。
他在斯普林菲尔德成家立业。他娶了玛丽·托德——一个聪明伶俐、雄心勃勃、脾气暴躁的女人。他们有了孩子，他喜欢和孩子们一起嬉戏，甚至在孩子们把笔和墨水在他的办公室里乱丢乱放时也不例外。他成了小有名气的律师；总体说来，他是个成功的律师。人们知道，除非他认为这个案子合理合法，否则他是不会代理的。他曾经被派往国会任过一个任期，但没有连任。一时间，他看起来会作为一个小镇律师、一个当地的人物，在这个小镇终老了。
译者介绍
张白桦，中国比较文学学会翻译研究会理事，上海翻译家协会会员，内蒙古工业大学副教授，硕士生导师。
资料来源
上文所录1941年的考题文字及图片，转引自《到大学之路》（徐咏平/编著，学生之友出版社，1943年）
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