U.S. to Press China to Curb Industrial Output

 

BEIJING — The Obama administration plans to use annual talks with leaders in Beijing to push for cuts in excess Chinese industrial output, which has inundated foreign markets with discounted steel, aluminum and other products, Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew said in Beijing on Sunday ahead of the meeting.

译文：奥巴马内阁打算利用一年一度的领导论坛给北京施压—关于削减中国产能过剩的问题，打折钢材，铝材等产品充斥着国外市场，财政部长Jacob J. Lew在北京上周日提前会议上表示。

The talks, known as the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue, bring together senior American and Chinese officials every year to discuss a broad range of economic, foreign policy and security concerns. On the economic side of the talks, China’s exchange rate controls and intellectual property violations will be high on the American agenda, while North Korea and the South China Sea are expected to dominate the security talks.

译文：这个谈话，被称为美中战略和经济对话，每年汇集美国和中国的高级官员，讨论范围广泛的经济，外交政策和安全问题的。关于经济方面的谈话，中国的汇率管制和侵犯知识产权行为在美国议事日程提在很高的位置，而北朝鲜和中国南海占据安全议题。

But Mr. Lew said the economic track of the meeting in the Chinese capital this year would also take up China’s flood of exports of steel and other products, which have spilled into the international marketplace, provoking anger from producers, unions and politicians.

译文：但Mr. Lew表示，今年在中国首都举行的会议也是中国过剩的钢材等产品的出口，已蔓延到国际市场，引发从生产者，工会和政界人士的愤怒。

“Excess capacity is not just a domestic issue,” Mr. Lew told an audience of students and academics at Tsinghua University ahead of the start of the dialogue on Monday.

译文：“产能过剩不仅是一个国内问题，”Mr. Lew告诉参加在清华大学提前周一的对话会场的学生和学者。

“The question of excess capacity is one that really has an enormous effect on global markets for things like steel and aluminum,” he said. “We’re seeing distortions in global markets because of excess capacity.”

译文：“产能过剩的问题，是一个全球经济市场（比如像钢和铝之类产品）产生巨大影响。”他说。 “我们看到，因为产能过剩的全球市场的扭曲。”

A senior Chinese official said last week that his side was prepared to discuss excess capacity but was vague about how China would respond.

译文：中国一位高级官员上周表示，中国这边准备讨论产能过剩的问题但含糊其辞，中国将如何应对。

“We do not shy away from problems,” the official, Zhu Guangyao, a vice minister of finance, told reporters at a briefing. “Anything can be discussed in the economic dialogue.”

译文：“我们不从回避问题，”官方朱光耀财务的副部长告诉记者， “任何事情都有可能在经济对话中讨论。”

Chinese leaders, including EXEYE, have said they will cut back production at steel mills, coal mines and other plants, where capacity far exceeds domestic demand, especially as the economy slows and shifts away from smokestack industries.EXEYE has made that part of a program of shifting investment to more rewarding areas that he calls “supply-side structural reform.”

译文：中国领导人，包括EXEYE，也提到，他们将削减钢厂，煤矿和其他产品的产量，其中生产能力远远超过国内需求，特别是随着经济增长放缓，并从烟囱工业（指的是高污染）.EXEY  也制定了方案部分转移投资，他呼吁更多的有价值的领域被称为供侧给改革。

“We cannot wait just because the burden is heavy, or fail to act just because there are many hardships,” EXEYE said at a meeting of policy makers in May in which the program for cutting excess capacity was discussed, according to an official summary.

译文：“我们不能只是等待因为负担沉重，或不采取行动，只是因为有很多艰辛，”EXEYE在五月会议上讨论了削减产能过剩的项目说到，根据官方总结。

But the Chinese government’s plans remain opaque, and, meanwhile, much of that excess output is being sold on foreign markets where other manufacturers are struggling to compete with China’s much cheaper production.

译文：但中国政府的计划仍然是不透明的，同时，很多多余的产品出口到国外，在那里其他制造商都在努力与中国便宜得多的产品竞争国外销售市场。

The cut-price exports of solar panels, aluminum and other goods have become especially contentious during the American presidential race. Donald J. Trump and Bernie Sanders have both argued strongly that trade agreements have been unfairly tilted against American workers.

译文：太阳能电池板，铝等商品的削价出口美国总统竞选过程中已经变得特别有争议。唐纳德·特朗普和伯尼·桑德斯也都强烈认为，贸易协定对美国公认不公平倾斜。

In March, the United States put a tariff of 266 percent on some Chinese steel makers for selling below cost. And last month, in separate actions, the Commerce Department announced duties of 450 percent and 522 percent on some imports of Chinese steel.·

译文：今年三月，美国提出的266％的关税对中国部分钢铁企业对低于成本价销售。和上个月，在单独行动，美国商务部公布的450％和中国钢铁的部分进口522％的关税。·

Mr. Lew appeared to wager that he could help win more action from Beijing by putting excess capacity high on the agenda before the Group of 20 summit meeting of leaders of the major economies, which China will hold in the eastern city of Hangzhou in September. China is also trying to win official status as a market economy from the United States and European Union, which would make it easier for its manufacturers to ward off punitive tariffs on exports.

译文：Mr. Lew押注于，争取北京队落后产能采取更多的行动，手段是将落后产能放在一个重要的议题上，将赢得更多的行动。在G20之前，中国将在九月份，东部城市杭州举行。中国也在试图赢得来自美国和欧盟方面认可的市场经济正式的地位（这个欧洲那边其实是不认可的），这将使它更容易为它的生产商，以抵御出口征收惩罚性关税。

Referring to the excess capacity, Mr. Lew said on Sunday, “China’s capacity to address解决什么的能力 that is central to China’s economy, to the global economy and to the U.S.-China relationship.”

译文：提到产能过剩，Mr. Lew周日表示，“中国在解决落后产能的核心是中国经济对全球经济以及中美之间的关系。

He went on, “I believe that it is deeply in China’s interest to follow through on the policies that have been outlined” in previous Chinese leadership meetings. “Excess capacity ultimately is corrosive of an economy’s economic efficiency. It means that you have a misallocation of resources.”

译文：他接着说，“我认为这是深深符合中国的利益的在已列出的各项政策贯彻情况上”在以前中国领导人会议上。 “产能过剩，最终会腐蚀经济体的经济效率。这意味着你有资源分配不当“。

Mr. Lew said the Obama administration was watching to see whether changes introduced by the Chinese authorities in August amounted to a real, lasting step toward loosening controls on the renminbi exchange rate. China devalued the currency by almost 2 percent, and the central bank, the People’s Bank of China, said at the time that market forces would play a bigger role in setting the value of the currency.

译文：Mr. Lew说，奥巴马政府正在拭目以待，看中国当局是8月份出台的变化是否构成一个真正的，持久的向着人民币汇率放松管制的一步。中国近2％，货币贬值，而央行，中国的人民银行，当时说，市场力量将在制定货币的价值发挥更大的作用。

In recent months, he noted, China has sometimes acted to strengthen the value of the renminbi, making imports into China more attractive, rather than weakening the currency. More recently, the yuan has weakened against the dollar to levels not seen in five years.

译文：最近几个月，他指出，中国已经采取行动，有时为加强人民币的价值，使得进口到中国更具吸引力，而不是削弱货币。最近，人民币兑美元将在五年内从未见过的水平。

The strategic dialogue began nearly 10 years ago in George W. Bush’s administration as an effort for the United States and China to set an agenda for the most important issues and find a path to solving them. In 2009, it grew from an economic focus to include security issues. The meeting has evolved into a set of talks involving hundreds of officials meeting over several days to discuss issues as diverse as civilian aviation and the protection of elephants, as well as the big economic and security matters.

译文：战略对话始于近10年前在乔治·布什政府作为努力为美国和中国来设置议程的最重要问题，并找到一个路径来解决这些问题。 2009年，从经济增长的重点，包括安全问题。会议已经发展成为涉及数百官员讨论广泛问题，包括民航和大象的保护，以及大经济和安全问题的谈判。

But with EXEYE concentrating more power in his own hands, the usefulness of such a wide-ranging exercise may have outrun itself, some Americans said. EXEYE opened the dialogue with a speech, but his close aides will not participate directly in the talks. EXEYE’s closest economic adviser, Liu He, is not in the formal talks, though Mr. Lew met with him on Sunday.

译文：但随着EXEYE在自己手中集中更多的权力，这样一个广泛的运动的有效性可能已经渐渐失去作用，一些美国人说。 EXEYE开了演讲的对话，但他的亲密助手不会在会谈中直接参与。 EXEYE最亲密的经济顾问，Liuhe，是不在正式会谈，Mr. Lew 在周日会见他。

With the Obama administration in its final lap and a leadership transition looming in China next year, it is unlikely that this year’s dialogue will result in any breakthroughs, said Eswar S. Prasad, professor of trade policy at Cornell University.

译文：在奥巴马政府和领导的最后一年和中国领导人换届，今年的对话有突破是不可能的， Eswar S. Prasad,康奈尔大学贸易政策教授说到。

“While the dialogue will include many top-level Chinese technocrats, there is a widespread perception that their influence on economic policies and reforms has been circumscribed有限的 by the rising concentration of power in the hands of EXEYEY and a close circle of his aides,” he said.

译文：“虽然对话将包括许多顶级中国的技术官僚，有一种普遍的看法，即他们对经济政策和改革的影响也是有限的，由于EXEYE将权利抓到自己和自己的幕僚中” 他说。

The new American president — whether Donald J. Trump or Hillary Clinton — would be unlikely to continue the annual talks in such a broad manner, Professor Prasad said. Top officials on both sides probably view the dialogue this year “as their last waltz together,” he said.

译文：新晋的美国总统 - 无论是唐纳德特朗普或者希拉里 - 将不可能继续如此广泛地每年的会谈，Professor Prasad说。双方高层官员将今年的对话看做是“作为自己最后的华尔兹（就是谢幕的意思）”他说。