粉末冶金技术

【视频】粉末冶金是如何改变你的生活！

今天我们来欣赏一段来自国外、关于PM与MIM的视频。...

上世纪80年代，美国制定了高级粉末工业计划，着手研究突破MIM技术瓶颈。随后德国和日本也积极的展开了MIM的技术研究。该项技术最先在军工中使用，由于技术的优越性而被迅速的导入到民用工业中。目前国内外很多行业都开始使用MIM工艺，特别是一些结构复杂、强度要求高的高精密产品。

粉末冶金是制取金属粉末或用金属粉末作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制造金属材料、复合材料以及各种类型制品的工艺技术。粉末冶金技术具备显著节能、省材、性能优异、产品精度高且稳定性好等一系列优点，非常适合于大批量生产。

今天我们来欣赏一段来自国外、关于PM与MIM的视频。

PM and MIM- Touching Your Life, Part 1

It’s here and here and here too

It’s here and here and here too

But may not know it chances are everyday in some way

Powder metallurgy touches your life

It’s there as you go about your daily routines, we’ll find it hard at work. Wherever people are on the job, helping grow the food. Transporting the necessities of life. On the road, on the ocean, or in the air. Helping bring the central power to our homes and to ours cars, transporting us to and from our work spaces. To carry us about our leisure, making possible more abundant health at every age , and using the work of those who bring wellness to us . bringing people together through high-tech communications ,or through creative expression, helping enrich hours of carefree recreation. Or enhancing serious athletic competition.

一、粉末冶金已经走入你的生活

这里，这里，还有这里。

也许你不知道，但变化每天都在以某种方式发生。

粉末冶金已经走进你的生活。

它的存在于你的日常，无论人们在哪里工作，帮助种植食物，运输生活必需品，在道路上，在海洋上，或在空中。帮助给我们的家庭带来电力，给我们的汽车加油，带着我们上下班。带给我们休闲体验，使每一个年龄段的人更健康成为可能，并创造新的工作。通过高科技的交流使人们聚集在一起，或通过创造性的表达，帮助丰富了娱乐活动，提高一系列体育比赛的经济水平。

Wether helping maintain the surroundings our homes. For the defense of the country, wether helping advanced particle physics deep below ground or playing a role in search for oil beneath the sea . powder metallurgy is named the preferred matal forming solution. PM is a proven state-of-the-art technology for producing next shape metal components of every imaginable design configuration, in sizes ranging from tiny to huge , from anyone of the dazzling array of material systems, both ferrous and non-ferrous, powder metallurgy offers component designers and product manufacturers a long list of advantages when compared to other metal forming processes, it makes possible complex or unique shapes that would otherwise be impractical or even impossible , eliminates or minimizes machining as well as scrap, provides a high material yield ratio, improves quality grapes through excellent part 2 part repeatability, offers long-term performance reliability in critical applications and it’s cost-effective and moderate to high volume production applications, PM’s obvious benefits decreased energy consumption through fewer manufacturing steps. Reduce waste through improved material utilization and scrap the reclamation. Longer product life through increased component reliability, cost competitiveness that encourages domestic partner production. The be all contribute to sustainable manufacturing, making powder metallurgy . the preferred metal forming solution for the 21st century.

二、相比其他金属成形工艺，粉末冶金明显的优点

无论是帮助维持我们的家园，还是为了国防，或者地下管道运输，在海底寻找石油，粉末冶金正是首选金属成形方案。粉末冶金是生产各种复杂形状金属部件最先进的技术，在尺寸范围从很小到很大，适用材料种类也很多，有色金属和非有色金属。相比其他金属成形工艺，粉末冶金部件为产品设计师和产品制造商提供了一长串的优势，它使复杂独特的形状甚至看来不切实际的成为可能。减少加工以及废料，提供了一个高材料利用率。在长期性关键应用中提供可靠性。粉末冶金明显的好处是减少能源消耗，较少的制造步骤。提高材料利用率和废料的回收减少浪费。通过增加组件的可靠性，延长产品寿命，提高成本竞争力，鼓励国内合作伙伴的生产。这些都有助于可持续生产制造，使粉末冶金成为二十一世纪的首选金属成型解决方案。

It’s some what inaccurate to refer PM as a part forming technology, in reality it is a constellation of technologies , each distinct and unique all having in common the fact that they start out with metal and powder forming and through the application of pressure and heat end up with finished components, conventional powder metallurgy, referred to as presents center PM, produces finished parts by shaping metal powder within custom dies under tremendous pressure on sophisticated, compacting presence yielding, what are called Green compacts, which hold their shape through mechanical bond of the particles, sufficiently strong to allow them to be handled, then heating the parts and furnaces with highly controlled atmospheres to a temperature below the metals melting point , a process known as centering to impart the components metallurgical properties, powder injection molding produces highly complex shapes relatively small parts generally under 250 grams using conventional injection molding machines, a custom feedstock made a fine metal powder and a binder in granulated heated and fed into multiple cavities of a molding machine the emerging green parts then undergo thermal or solvent processing to remove most of the binder material, the remaining traces of binder are removed, as the parts pass through the center in furnace and shrink to their final dimensious, achieving relative densities generally greater ninety-six than 94%, when it comes to fabricating extremely large parts with complex shapes from metal powder is a technology called hot isostatic pressing generally known by its aclonym of hip, the powder is enclosed within a custom hemetic container shaped like the park being formed, then inside a special high pressure vessel at an elevated temperature high pressure gas is used to apply force simultaneously from every direction to deform the container and compact and center the outer within it to one hundred percent of its theoretical density and there are still other techniques that are embraced within the definition of powder metallurgy, there is cold isostatic pressing performed at room temperature and using a shaped elastomeric mode to contain the powder which is uniformly pressed in all directions by a liquid pressurizing medium, there is what is called roll compact which produces a continuous strip or sheet from which many kinds of thin flat final products or fabricate their spray form which deposits metal particles onto a substrate producing semi-finished build products in the form of billets tubes and sheet or plate whichever PM technique is ultimately most suitable for the requirements of your part, you’ll benefit from all the advantages PM offers, enhanced material yield ratio energy conservation increased, design flexibility long-term performance reliability, and cost-effectiveness advantages that have made PM, the sustainable manufacturing technology, it has always been, let’s get to know a little better.

三、粉末冶金包含的一系列技术介绍

粉末冶金作为零件成型技术是不准确的，实际上是一系列的技术，每一个都有共同的因素，他们开始用金属和粉末成型并通过高压和高温最终完成成品组件。

1.传统的粉末冶金法，简称PM，金属粉末在精密的定制模具下压实，即所谓的压坯，然后加热零件到一个低于金属熔点的温度。

2.粉末注射成型生产高度复杂形状且比较小的零件一般采用常规250克以下的注塑机，然后经过热或溶剂处理，去除大部分的粘合剂，粘结剂残留去除，烧结，得到最终尺寸。

3.当用金属粉末来制造非常大的复杂的形状制品时，这是一种称为热等静压技术，制品放置到密闭的容器中，向制品施加各向同等的压力，同时施以高温,在高温高压的作用下，制品得以烧结和致密化。

4.在粉末冶金的定义中还包含了其他的技术，有冷等静压，即是在常温下，通常用橡胶或塑料作包套模具材料，以液体为压力介质，主要用于粉体材料成型，为进一步烧结。有所谓的压延，产生连续的条或片，得到各种扁薄的最终产品，坯管和板材。

5.无论哪种，PM技术是最适合你的要求，你将从PM提供所有优点中受益。提高材料利用率，节约能源，设计的灵活和成本效益，长期性能的可靠性等优点成就了PM这种可持续制造技术，并且将一直存在和持续发展，让我们了解一点吧。

来源：PM协会

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