48个国际音标的读音
48个国际音标前元音：[i:]，，[e]，[æ]中元音：[ʌ]，[ə:]，[ə]后元音：[ɔ:]，[ɔ...
前元音：[i:]，，[e]，[æ]
后元音：[ɔ:]，[ɔ]，[ɑ:]，[u:]，
中元音：[ʌ]，[ə:]，[ə]
双元音：[ei]、[əu]、[ai]、[au]、[ɔi]、[iə]、[ɛə]、[uə]
爆破音：[p]与，[t]与[d]，[k]与[g]
[b]摩擦音：[f]与[v]，[θ]与[ð]， 与[z]，[ ʃ ] 与 [ ʒ ]，[ h ]，[ r ]
破擦音：[tʃ] 与 [dʒ]， [tr] 与 [dr]， [ts] 与 [dz]
鼻 音：[m]，[n]，[ŋ]
边 音：[ l ] 与 [ l ](元音前发清晰的，辅音前或词末发含糊的)
半元音：[ w ]，[ j ]
一 单元音-前元音
1.[i:] 发音时舌尖轻抵下齿，舌前部向上颚抬起，口形扁平，发音时间较长.
例：be[bi:] meat [mi:t] sheep [ʃi:p] secret ['si:krit] believe [bi'li:v]
2. 发音时舌尖轻抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，发音时间短促.
例：it [it] big [biɡ]rich[ritʃ] visit ['vizit]loaded['ləudid] business['biznis]
3.[e] 发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，45度张口，气流从口腔泻出，时间短促.
例：fed [fed] best [best] them [ðem] wedding ['wediŋ] refresh [ri'freʃ]
4.[æ] 发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭稍抬，口形90度张口，向两边平展，时间短促.
例：at [æt] have [hæv] flat [flæt] stand [stænd] saturday ['sætədi]
二 单元音-中元音
1.[ʌ] 舌身后缩至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起，双唇较扁，开口较大，发音短促.
例：up [ʌp] but [bʌt] does [dʌz] rough [rʌf] thunder ['θʌndə]
2.[ə:] 舌位抬高，舌身放平，口形微张，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较紧张，发音时间长.
例：sir [sə:] her [hə:] third [θə:d] worth [wə:θ] early ['ə:li]
3.[ə] 舌位抬高，舌中部稍抬起，口形微开，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较放松，词首词中模糊，词末延长.
例：about [ə'baut] again [ə'ɡein]teacher ['ti:tʃə]writer ['raitə] paper['peipə]
三 单元音-后元音
1.[ɑ:] 舌身放低，后缩，舌后部隆起，口形张大全开，声带振动，发音延续较长.
例：art [ɑ:t] fast [fɑ:st] march [mɑ:tʃ] party ['pɑ:ti] advance [əd'vɑ:ns]
2.[ɔ:] 发音时舌身尽量降低，并收缩，舌后部抬起，双唇放松，发音时间长.
例：saw [sɔ:] born [bɔ:n] course [kɔ:s] thought [θɔ:t] morning ['mɔ:niŋ]
3.[ɔ] 发音时舌身尽量降低，并收缩，舌后部抬起，双唇放松，发音时间短.
例：hot [hɔt] boss [bɔs] want [wɔnt] doctor [dɔktə] holiday ['hɔlədi]
4.[u:] 舌身后缩，舌后部尽量抬起，口形放松，发音时间长.
例：do [du:] you [ju:] tooth [tu:θ] choose [tʃu:z] June [dʒu:n]
5. 舌身后缩，舌后部尽量抬起，口形放松，发音短促.
例：book [buk] good [ɡud] put [put] wood [wud] push [puʃ]
四 双元音（上）
1.[ei] 发音由[e]向自然滑动，滑动过程中口形由半开到半合，舌位随之抬高.
例：eight [eit] day [dei] face [feis] gate [ɡeit] faithful ['feiθful]
2.[əu] 发音由[ə]向自然滑动，滑动过程中口形由半开到小而圆，舌位由半低到高.
例：old [əuld] so ['səu] show [ʃəu] note [nəut] close [kləuz]
3.[ai] 发音由[a]向自然滑动，滑动过程中口形由开到合，发音时注意将音发足.
例：eye [ai] tie [tai] ride [raid] knife [naif] arrive [ə'raiv]
4.[au] 发音由[a]向自然滑动，滑动过程中双唇收拢收圆，口形由大到小，舌位低到高.
例：out [aut] how [hau] about[ə'baut] cloud [klaud] mountain ['mauntin]
五 双元音（下）
1.[ɔi] 发音由[ɔ]向自然滑动，滑动时唇由圆变小，口形由大变小.
例：boy [bɔi] joy[dʒɔi] join [dʒɔin] enjoy [in'dʒɔi] spoil [spɔil]
2.[iə] 发音由向[ə]自然滑动，滑动过程中发音较清楚，[ə]较模糊，双唇始终半开.
例：ear [iə] fear [fiə] here [hiə] clear [kliə] various ['vεəriəs]
3.[ɛə] 第一个成分开口比[e]大，由[e]向[ə]自然滑动，滑动过程中开口程度稍稍收小.
例：air [εə] care [kεə] hair [hεə] share [ʃεə] parent ['pεərənt]
4.[uə] 发音时由向[ə]自然滑动，滑动过程中口形由收圆变成半开.
例：poor [puə] tour [tuə] sure [ʃuə] rural ['ruərəl] cruel ['kru:əl]
六 辅音—爆破音
1.[p]与 双唇紧闭，气流突然冲出口腔，冲开双唇. [p]轻辅音，[b]浊辅音.
例：pit [pit] pay [pei] proper ['prɔpə] open ['əupən] happy['hæpi]
bit [bit] blue [blu:] baby ['beibi] bike [baik] bribe [braib]
2. [t]与[d] 舌尖紧抵上齿龈形成阻碍，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔. [t]轻辅音，[d]浊辅音.
例：too [tu:] take [teik] touch [tʌtʃ] right [rait] tight[tait]
do [du:] dirt [də:t] card [kɑ:d] tired['taiəd] sudden ['sʌdən]
3. [k]与[g] 舌后部抬起，紧抵软腭，形成阻碍，气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔. [k]轻辅音，[g]浊辅音.
例：kick [kik] book [buk] like [laik] dock [dɔk] occasion [ə'keiʒən]
gate [geit] get [get] egg [eg] ghost [gəust] guide [gaid]
[b]七 辅音—摩擦音（上）
1. [f]与[v] 下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙通过，摩擦成音. [f]轻辅音，[v]浊辅音.
例：fly [flai] far [fɑ:] wife [waif] off[ɔf] laugh [lɑ:f]
very ['veri] village ['vilidʒ] live[liv] over ['əuvə] save [seiv]
2. [θ]与[ð] 下唇轻触上齿背部，气流由舌齿间的缝隙送出. [θ]轻辅音，[ð]浊辅音.
例：thank [θæŋk] think [θiŋk] thief [θi:f] mouth [mauθ] teeth [ti:θ]
this [ðis] those [ðəuz] that [ðæt] then [ðen] smooth [smu:ð]
3. 与[z] 舌端靠近上齿龈，气流从舌端和齿龈间通过，形成摩擦音. 轻辅音，[z]浊辅音.
例：so [səu] sir [sə:] pencil ['pensəl] piece [pi:s] dress[dres]
zoo [zu:] zone [zəun] zero ['ziərəu] use [ju:z] eraser [i'reizə]
八 辅音—摩擦音（下）
1. [ ʃ ] 与 [ ʒ ] 舌身抬起，靠近硬腭，舌端向上齿龈抬起，形成狭长通道，气流从此通过，双唇收拢收圆，略突出.
例：she[ʃi:] sheep[ʃi:p] wish[wiʃ] sure[ʃuə] special ['speʃəl]
pleasure ['pleʒə ]division [di'viʒən]decision [di'siʒən]vision ['viʒən]
2. [ h ] 发音时张口较大，在通过声门时发生轻微的摩擦，气流通过口腔时不受阻碍.
例：he [hi:] her [hə:] how [hau] who [hu:] ahead [ə'hed]
3. [ r ] 舌尖卷起，抬向上齿龈后部，但不发生摩擦，舌两侧稍收拢，口形略突出，气流通过时发生轻微的摩擦.
例：right [rait] run [rʌn] cry [krai] bread [bred]primary ['praiməri]
九 辅音—破擦音
1. [tʃ] 与 [dʒ] 舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音，口形略突出，稍微成方形.
例：child [tʃaild]check [tʃek] reach [ri:tʃ] teach [ti:tʃ] catch [kætʃ]
job[dʒɔb] page[peidʒ] June[dʒu:n] just[dʒʌst] judge [dʒʌdʒ]
2. [tr] 与[dr] 舌身与[r]相似，舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齿龈后部，气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之间的阻碍，双唇收拢，稍向前突出.
例：try [trai] tree [tri:] trick[trik] true[tru:] track [træk]
dry[drai] dream[dri:m] dread[dred] drop[drɔp] drive [draiv]
3. [ts] 与[dz] 舌尖贴住上齿龈形成阻碍，气流冲出阻碍，口形扁平.
例：pets[pets] coats[kəuts] gets[ɡets] tests[tests ] points [pɔints]
roads[rəudz] aids [eidz] reads [ri:dz] seeds [si:dz] lands [lændz]
十 鼻音
1. [m] 双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔流出，在词尾时略须延长，以防止吞音.
例：me [mi:] my [mai] come [kʌm] tomorrow [tə'mɔrəu] farm [fɑ:m]
2. [n] 舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔流出，在词末时稍须延长，防止吞音.
例：need [ni:d] name [neim] know [nəu] skin [skin] strange [streindʒ]
3. [ŋ] 软腭下垂，舌后部向软腭抬起，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出，词尾时发音延长，有力.
例：bank [bæŋk]song[sɔ:ŋ] singing ['siŋiŋ] longer ['lɔŋɡə] English ['iŋɡliʃ]
十一 舌边音
1. [ l ] 与 [ l ] (元音前发清晰的，辅音前或词末发含糊的)
舌端抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或者两侧发出.
例：late [leit] like [laik] long [lɔŋ] low [ləu] close [kləuz]
all [ɔ:l] sell [sel] pull [pul] cattle ['kætl] kettle ['ketl]
十二 半元音
1. [ w ] 舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位较高，口形较圆，并稍向前突出，发音短促.
例：we [wi:] week [wi:k] want [wɔnt] where [hwεə] whether ['hweðə]
2. [ j ] 舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，双唇平展，口微开，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦.
例：yes [jes] you [ju:] young [jʌŋ] yak [jæk] year [jiə]
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