湖泊雨水排水

水韵发表：水景处理系统的成功应用

SuccessfulAquascapeTreatmentApplications水景处理系统的成功应...

Successful Aquascape Treatment Applications

水景处理系统的成功应用

A new 75-acre planned residential communityknown as Bridgeport was developed in the City of Santa Clarita, located innorthern Los Angeles County, California, by Newhall Land incorporating thisunique style of man-made lake system for stormwater management andtreatment. A residential developmentplan had been originally adopted that utilized a conventional storm drainsystem but did not provide for storm water treatment. This site plan was modified by engineer duringthe initial planning process to eliminate all underground storm drain pipeinfrastructure within the project by integrating a man-made lake system thatextended throughout the interior of the entire development project. The lake system had three primary functionswhich first included an aesthetic focal landscape feature for the project,second it served as the primary drainage conveyance within the development, andfinally the lake provided runoff water quality treatment from thedevelopment. Newhall Land realizedadditional benefits from the constructed lake system through the cost savingsof the eliminated storm drain pipe and added value to the project thattranslated to increased residential lot premiums for lake views.

桥堡湖是一个在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶北部的圣塔克雷利塔市新开发的占地75英亩的住宅社区，由纽荷尔房地产开发公司（Newhall Land）开发，它将人造湖泊系统与雨水管理和治理系统充分融合到了项目开发建设中。这里曾采取过一个住宅开发计划，使用的是传统的排水系统，但没有提供雨水处理方案。工程师在最初的规划阶段对之前的方案加以修改，去掉项目中所有地下雨水排放设施，改成人工湖系统，贯穿于项目的各个部分。人工湖有三种功能，首先为项目增加了美观感和景观特色，其次作为项目的主要排水管道，第三是湖泊提供了雨水径流水质管理作用。通过利用湖泊系统，排水系统的成本减少了，增加了收益，湖面景观的住宅数量有所增加，更提升了整个项目的价值。

Runoff from the 75-acre residential area istributary to the fifteen acre lake that has an operating water volume of 105acre-feet and depths averaging approximately seven feet, with a maximum depthof twelve feet. The lake is lined with30-mil PVC and a leak detection system located below the liner. The water quality treatment featuresincorporated into the lake system include: aeration, lake biofilters, wetlandplanters, and vegetated pretreatment basins. These features function to manage the urban storm runoff quality or thehealth of the lake system to ensure that any discharges to the adjacent SantaClara River have an improved water quality.

从75英亩的住宅排出的水流是十五英亩湖泊的支流，湖泊水量为105英亩，平均深度约7英尺，最大深度为12英尺。该湖泊采用30-milPVC膜进行防渗处理，在防渗膜下方安装有防渗监测系统。水质处理系统被融入到了湖泊系统中，包括曝气、湖泊生物滤池，湿地种植和预处理植物盆地。这些设施可以控制城市雨水径流质量以及湖泊系统的质量，从而确保排放入圣塔克莱河的径流水质有所改善。

The Bridgeport lake system incorporates 15biofilters placed at the end of each lake finger in order to promote theoverall circulation of the lake system. Each biofilter is approximately 1,000 square feet in area and treatinglake water at 500 gallons per minute (gpm), providing a total biofilter flowrate for the lake of 7500 gpm. Thebiofilters are typically 3 to 4 feet deep, filled with gravel and submerged 18to 24 inches below the lake surface. Water pumped from the lake is distributed through the biofilter via aherringbone slotted pipe system underneath the gravel bed. Recirculation occurs 24-hours a day throughthe biofilters and the time needed for complete filtration of the lake isapproximately three days. The BridgeportLake system has both a higher than industry average turnover rate andincorporates biofilters which has resulted in providing significantly higherlevel of water quality and aids in stabilization of the lake water quality.

桥堡湖湖泊系统在各端口放置了15个生物滤池，以促进湖泊整体循环。每个生物滤池约1000平方英尺，每分钟处理水量为500加仑（gpm），为湖泊提供的总生物滤池流量为7500gpm。生物滤池一般为3到4英尺深，内填满卵石，沉没于湖面以下18至24英寸处。从湖泊抽取的水在生物滤池中通过放置在滤池底部的割槽管道流过。生物滤池全天不间断运行，过滤整个湖泊需要的时间约为3天。桥堡湖湖泊系统具有高于行业平均值的换水速度，并可以帮助维持湖泊的整体水质。

Aeration for the Bridgeport Lake isprovided via a fine bubble diffusion system placed at the bottom of thelake. This system utilizes 12 – fivecubic feet per minute (cfm) compressors that deliver a total of 60 cfm to 30aeration disks in six groupings. Theaeration system is sized to turnover the lake every 3 to 4 hours if theaeration is operating 24-hours per day.

桥堡湖的曝气系统是安装在湖底底部的微孔曝气系统。该系统采用12 个5立方英尺/分（cfm）的空气压缩机，能够提供60 cfm的压缩空气至30个曝气盘中，这些曝气共分6组。曝气系统每天工作24个小时，可以每3到4个小时将实现整个湖水的加氧曝气一次。

The Bridgeport lake water quality is alsoenhanced through the pretreatment of all stormwater runoff entering the lakeand submerged wetland planters along the perimeter that function as a naturalkidney for the lake system. Approximately 18 water quality filters, with an average surface area of250 square feet are used to intercept runoff prior to discharging into the lakeand are located at all the inflow points. The typical configuration consists of the storm drain pipe discharginginto a vertical stand pipe such that the bottom end allows nuisance flows todischarge into the gravel bed underneath the entire water quality filter. High flows will overtop the stand pipe intothe vegetated filter area. The wetlandplanter areas consist of approximately 40 locations that result in a combinedtotal surface area of 12,000 square feet. The planters are located intermittently along the lake edge based uponproject aesthetics and overall lake water quality operation.

所有进入湖体的雨水得到预先处理并且在湖泊周边的湿地植物的净化作用下，整个桥堡湖的水质可以得到大幅度提升。在本项目上，共采用了约18个雨水过滤装置，平均表面积为250平方英尺，可在地表径流进入湖泊之前进行有效拦截，并安装在雨水排污口处。该过滤装置的结构组成是雨水排水管，将雨水排放至垂直的直立水管，底端让废水排放到过滤装置下面的砾石床。当雨量较大时，直接排入到直立水管之上，流入植物过滤区。湿地植物岛区约40个，总表面积约12,000平方英尺。植物区分散于湖泊边缘，位置取决于项目的美观度和湖水水质整体管理运作。

The constructed Bridgeport lake system hasbeen operating since 2000 and there is an active water quality monitoringprogram to evaluate the overall health and operation of the lake. The unique trends observed from the dataindicated that (1) the make-up water required to offset evaporation is only 70%of the anticipated amount because of nuisance water reuse, (2) application ofalgaecides are 50% less than normally required for a lake of this size. Theresults demonstrate that exceptional water quality can be achieved far beyondthe traditional methods currently being employed while providing manyadditional benefits to the surrounding community. The success of a project of this nature ishighly dependent upon the collaboration among the developer, engineering teamand landscape architect, which in the case of Bridgeport resulted in aninnovative lake system that became the “crown jewel” centerpiece of theproject.

桥堡湖项目自2000年开始运行，这里有一套水质检测系统负责评估湖体的健康情况以及运行状况。通过监测数据可以发现：一是用于弥补蒸发量的补水水量仅为预计数量的70%，因为实现了废水回收再利用；二是除藻剂的用量比同类规格的湖体的正常用量低50%。通过我们的实践证明，利用水景设施可以获得超好的水质，这是传统方法所无法超越的，同时也对周围社区环境带来许多益处。本项目的成功更多亏了开发商、施工方以及景观设计师之间的通力合作，共同将这一人工湖打造成为本项目上的一颗璀璨明珠。