筑匠之旅 The Life of A Genius 天才的一生

今天，高迪已成为世界知名的建筑师，是加泰罗尼亚顶级建筑的建筑师。多年来，他的作品成为巴塞罗那的符号。事实上，2002年被宣布为高迪国际年，也是他诞辰150周年。...





The son of Francesc Gaudí i Serra, a boilermaker, and Antonia Cornet i Bertran, Antoni Plàcid Guillem Gaudíi Cornet, was born on a hot 25th of June 1852 in Reus (Tarragona). Gaudí spent his childhood between Reus, where his parents had their business, and the country side, in a small cottage owned by his mother known as Mas de la Calderera – the Boilermaker’s house – as his mother’s family had also been involved in that craft. Frequent contact with nature may have been one of the factors that stimulated two of the abilities which were to become crucial inthe development of his work: the observation and meticulous analysis of the natural world.

安东尼高迪，是Francesc Gaudí的儿子，一个锅炉制造者的儿子，出生于1852年6月25日在雷乌斯（塔拉戈纳）一个酷热的夏日。高迪的童年度过在他父母锅炉生意的所在地雷乌斯和农村之间。在被他母亲称为马斯德拉之屋，他母亲的家人也参与了制作。与大自然频繁接触可能是成为他的工作发展的关键能力的因素之一：观察和对自然世界的细致分析。



Antoni Gaudí was a pupil at the Piarist School in Reus, where he stood out on account of his gift for analysingand rationalising questions. During his adolescence, Gaudí formeda strong friendship with two of his fellow pupils: Eduard Toda and Josep Ribera. The three young men were enthusiastic about nature and interested in history, and were very fond of going on excursions. On one of these outings, Josep Ribera brought his friends to an abandoned building that he had discovered: the ruins of the Santa María de Poblet monastery. The three youths made a resolution to restore the ancient building. Of that enthusiastic youthful project, all that remains is a floor plan drawn by Gaudí, who must have been about 15 at the time, and a note written by his companions. For Gaudí, that experience was undoubtedly the declaration of his vocation as an architect.安东尼高迪是在雷乌斯Piarist学校，他以他分析和合理化问题的天赋耀眼。在他的青春期，高迪和他的两个同学生形成了深厚的友谊：Eduard Toda和Josep Ribera。这三个年轻人都热衷于自然并对历史感兴趣，而且非常喜欢远足。在这些户外活动之一，Josep Ribera带他的朋友们去一个他发现的废弃建筑：Santa María de Poblet（圣玛丽亚波夫莱特）修道院的废墟。这三个年轻人作出决议是恢复古建筑。热心年轻的项目，高迪画出楼层平面图，大概是他15的时候，还是通过他同伴随便画了张便条上。对于高迪，这些经验无疑是他作为职业建筑师的声明。



Gaudí moved to Barcelona to study the final year of his secondary educationand to do the foundation course at the School of Architecture. By that time, Gaudí had already distinguished himself as a result of his creativegenius and through a flair for calculus. From early on in his studies, the brilliant architect was hard at work in the studios of eminent professors and masters of the craft such as Francisco Paula de Villar and Josep Fontseré. It was in the studio of the latter that Gaudí achieved the first recognition of his work: on his own initiative he corrected a task that had been given to a fellow student  - designing the water tank for the Cascada Fountain in Parc de la Ciutadella.高迪在他中学教育的最后一年搬到巴塞罗那，在建筑学院学习基础课程。到那个时候，高迪已经明白自己的创造性和演算的天赋。从早在他的研究中，杰出的建筑师很难在诸如Francisco Paula de Villar教授和Josep Fontseré大师的工作室工作。正是在后者的工作室，高迪实现了自己工作的第一认识：他纠正了一个同学的任务 – 为城堡公园设计Cascada喷泉。

The year 1878 marked the beginning of Gaudí’s intense professional activity. During that year he won a competition organised by the Barcelona City Council for his design and production of some streetlamps (located in two squares, Plaça Reial and Pla de Palau), he was awarded acommission for Casa Vicens, his first important work, and he drew up preliminary plans for an industrial complex with residential quarters for the Obrera Mataronense workers’ cooperative. This was an important time for Gaudí. It was a period of research and hard work in which he learned to use the tools which would enable him to create his works of great genius in the years to come.

1878年标志着高迪专业活动的开始。在这一年，他赢得了巴塞罗那市议会对他的设计生产路灯的奖项。他被授予拥有Vicens房屋，他第一个重要的工作，他为工业与住宅小区制定了初步计划。这是高迪的重要时刻。这是研究和辛勤工作的期间，这将使他在未来的岁月里创造了伟大的天才作品。



However, if Gaudí had one key commission in 1878, it was without a doubt the design of a small display stand for the Spanish Pavilion at the International Exhibition in Paristhat same year. One of the visitors to the exhibition hall, Mr.Eusebi Güell i Bacigalupi, was so impressed by the originality of the stand that he asked to be put in contact with its creator. This marked the beginning of both aprof essional relationship and a close friendship between them that would last for 40 years. From that point on wards, Güell was his best client. Gaudí designed and built magnificent works for him, with painstaking attention to even the smallest details, which contributed to expanding his genius and his originalityas an architect.

但是，如果说高迪在1878年有一个关键点，这毫无疑问是同一年在巴黎国际展览中设计代表西班牙馆。一位参观者，Eusebi Güell i Bacigalupi先生对他的独特的独创性留下深刻印象。这标志着双方业务关系和他们之间的亲密友谊将持续40年的开始。从这一点开始，Güell是他最好的客户。高迪设计和建造的宏伟作品对他一个建筑来说，付出了艰辛即使是最小的细节，这有助于扩大他的才能和他独创性。



In 1910 a major exhibition of Gaudí’s work opened in the Gran Palais in Paris, and this was the only exhibition outside of Spain dedicated to the architect during his lifetime.

1910年一个大型展览在巴黎大皇宫拉开，展出高迪的作品，这是在西班牙本土以外在建筑师的有生之年的唯一展览。

From 1915 Gaudí devoted himself almost exclusively to his magnum opus, the Sagrada Família, a synthesis of his architectural evolution.

从1915年以后，高迪几乎完全投身他的杰作，圣家堂，也是他所建筑的合成。

Antoni Gaudí was hit by a tram from the 30th line on June 7 in the “Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes”, between the streets Girona and Bailen, as he was going to the Sant Felip Neri Church. For his unkempt appearance was not recognised, it was even mistaken for a beggar and was notrescued until a policeman ordered a taxi to take the body to the Hospital of the Holy Cross in the Raval. Within a few hours his friends and employees of the works of the Sagrada Familia, kicked missing his presence and eventually found out what happened. After the accident, the condition of the architect was quite serious, he had fractured three ribs, and the brain, the heart and stomach were affected.

安东尼高迪是在6月7日“加泰罗尼亚议会大道” 30号线在Girona和Bailen街道之间被电车撞了，他实在去Sant Felip Neri教堂的路上。他自己蓬头垢面，像个乞丐一样，没人认出他来，没有抢救，直到警察来了一辆出租车把他的遗体送到Holy Cross医院。几个小时内，他的朋友和圣家堂的员工，意识到了他的不存在，并最终知道了发生了什么事。事故发生后，他的病情是相当严重，他断了三根肋骨，他的大脑，心脏和胃都受到影响。



Antoni Gaudí died on June 10th, three days after being hit by a tram, in the Hospital of the Holy Cross, between five and six in the afternoon, according to the newspapers of the time, which also echo the crowd of people who came to the hospital to say their last goodbye to the 74 year old architect. It has gone down in the history of the city of Barcelona the great outpouring of grief that citizens surrendered to Gaudí, with numerous Masses and tributes. Although the burial had no official character, and responded to the desires of simplicitythat Gaudí professed, is remembered for being the most massive, leaving the Hospital de la Santa Cruz, arriving at the cathedral for Mass burial and then addressing the Sagrada Familia to deposit the corpse in the chapel of Carmen in the crypt of the Sagrada Familia after the dirge. Throughout the journey the coffin was accompanied by many admirers, disciples and friends as well as black ribbons in various buildings and houses located on the route between the hospital and the Basilica of the Sagrada Familia.

安东尼高迪在6月10日下午去世，在电车被撞中后三天，在Holy Cross医院，根据当时的报纸记录下午五六点的时候，也呼吁人们来医院跟他们74岁的建筑师做最后一次告别。在巴塞罗那，公众对高迪流露着巨大悲痛。虽然没有正式的葬礼，一切都是依照高迪从简的愿望，离开Santa Cruz医院，到达圣家堂的集体葬礼，然后遗体在圣家堂的后隐窝的教堂存放。整个过程棺材是伴随着许多崇拜者和朋友，在位于医院和圣家堂之间路上和各种建筑物都缠绕着黑色丝带。



Today Gaudí has become a world-famous architect, the top name in Catalan architecture. Over the years, his works have gone from being obscure or even criticised to achieving international renown and being symbols and icons of an increasingly global Barcelona. In fact, 2002 was declared the International Year of Gaudí in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of his birth.

今天，高迪已成为世界知名的建筑师，是加泰罗尼亚顶级建筑的建筑师。多年来，他的作品成为巴塞罗那的符号。事实上，2002年被宣布为高迪国际年，也是他诞辰150周年。

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