夸克夸克星奇异

夸克星

今天让我们一起来了解夸克星！...

夸克星是一种假设的星体，被认为是由强烈的相互作用形成的。根据理论，恒星死亡时会在自身重力的影响下发生坍缩，若其质量为中等，即约比太阳的质量多1.44倍，重力就足够将恒星物质中的电子和质子挤压到一起形成中子；若该恒星质量更大，中子可能破碎成自身的组成成分，即夸克。在一定的压力下半数由中子分离而成的夸克能够转化为奇夸克，产生一种更加致密的物质类型。这时的星体就是由奇夸克紧密结合在一起所构成的“夸克星”。

Quark stars is a hypothetical objects, is considered to be formed by the strong interaction. According to the theory, the death star would collapse under the influence of its own gravity, and if the quality is medium, that is about 1.44 times more than the mass of the sun, gravity is enough electrons and protons from the star material extrusion together to form a neutron; If the star quality more, neutron may break into their components, namely the quarks. Under certain pressure half composed of neutron separation of quark can switch that quarks, the types of material to produce a more dense. The astral is constitute by the strange quarks together "quark star".

夸克星的结构其实很简单，不像中子星那样分为很多层，其密度分布大致为常数。只要质量不是太大，夸克星中
心密度不到表面密度的两倍，且面密度会在约1fm的尺度上速降为零。这是由于整星体是强相互作用约束的体系，夸克由于色禁闭效应可能逃离表面太远。星体内部除了夸克之外还存在电子。因电子只受比强相互作用弱得多的电磁约束，所以它们分布比较弥散，在夸克表面之外有一定延伸。因有夸克和电子保持电中性，这样就不可避免地在夸克表面形成很强的电场。这一强电场的存在将一定程度上阻碍原子核与夸克物质之间的强作用，从而使得夸克星表面以上撑起一个最大质量约10E(-6)倍太阳质量的壳层。如果夸克星果真具有这样一个壳层，那么它的辐射特征包括热辐射和非热辐射将与中子很难区分。然而，因夸克星诞生时具有强大的中微子光子辐射场，且拥有强磁场并快速自转，一般情况下很难形成这种壳层。没有壳层、表面直接裸露于星际空间的奇异星称为裸奇异星。裸奇异星表面粒子具有强的束缚能;而脉冲星某些射电辐射特征可能表明表面粒子束缚能远比中子星高。如果进一步认为其内部的夸克物质呈现固态，那么这种固体裸奇异星的表面辐射特性或许应该类似于金属，电子处于连续态。至今没有明确探测到原子谱线可能就反映了这一属性。固态奇异星类似刚体，可以表现出长期进动。另外，当固态奇异星内部应力积累到一定程度时或许发生应力迅速释放,从而导致星震。固态奇异星星震会导致两种后果:转动惯量的突然改变和能量包括弹性能和引力能等的快速释放。前者可能与观测到的自转突跳glitch有关，而后者可以解释一类天体(软γ射线重复暴)巨大高能射线耀斑现象。

The structure of quark stars actually very simple, not like a neutron star is divided into many layers, the density distribution is roughly constant. As long as the quality is not too big, quark star center density less than twice the surface density, surface density and will be on the scale of about 1 FM downhill to zero. This is because the stars are strongly interacting constraint system, quarks due to the color confinement effect may flee the surface too far. Besides quarks also exist inside stars electronic. By electronic only much more than the strong interaction between the weak electromagnetic constraint, so their distribution is more diffuse, outside surface of quarks have certain extend. Because there are quarks and electrons remain neutral, thus forming a strong electric field in the surface of quark inevitably. The presence of a strong electric field to a certain extent, hampered the nucleus between quark matter and strong effect, so as to make the surface of quark stars above hold up one of the biggest quality about 10 e shell (6) times the mass of the sun. If the quark stars really have such a shell, the radiation characteristics of it include thermal radiation and the heat radiation and it is difficult to distinguish between neutron. However, because of quark stars are born with a strong neutrinos photon radiation field, and have strong magnetic field and rapid rotation, in general it is difficult to form the shell. No shell, the surface directly exposed in interstellar space of strange star called naked strange star. Bare singular star on the surface of the particles has a strong binding energy; And some radio pulsar radiation characteristics may indicate that the surface particle binding energy is far higher than the neutron star. If further think its internal quark matter appears solid, so this kind of solid surface radiation characteristics of naked strange star may be similar to the metal, electrons in a continuous state. So far there is no clear detected the atomic spectrum might reflect this property. Solid strange star like rigid, can show the precession for a long time. In addition, when the solid strange star internal stress accumulation to a certain degree may occur when the stress release quickly, resulting in starquake. Solid singular stars shock can result in two consequences: the moment of inertia and the sudden change of energy including rapid release of elastic energy and gravitational energy. The former may be associated with the observed rotation sudden jump glitch, which can explain a class object (soft gamma rays repeated bursts) huge high-energy rays flare phenomenon.

夸克星仍只是理论上的假设星体，尚未获得证实，但是在2002年4月10日由钱德拉X射线天文台所观测到的两个星体，RXJ1856和3C58，则被认为可能是夸克星。在这之前，这两个星体一直被认为是中子星。根据已知的物理定律，如果它们确实是中子星，那么RXJ1856似乎过小，而3C58则是过冷，以此推论这两个星体应该是由比中子星密度更高的物质所构成。一些学者则认为这些观察结果仍不足以采信。至于夸克星是否真的存在就要看未来这些研究成果是否能够获得普遍的接受和证实。

Quark stars is still theoretical hypothesis, has not yet been confirmed, but in April 10, 2002 by the chandra X-ray observatory observed two stars, RXJ1856 and 3 c58, is considered may be quark stars. Before that, the two stars has long been regarded as a neutron star. According to the known laws of physics, if they are indeed a neutron star, so RXJ1856 seems too small, and 3 c58 is too cold to deduce the two stars should be made up of higher than the density of a neutron star matter. Some scholars argue that these observations would not be enough to pursue. As for whether the quark stars really exist depends on the future research can gain widespread acceptance and confirm.