带你学习新SAT必背词汇--一级词汇（三）

带你学习新SAT必背词汇，每天背诵一个LIST，让你的英语突飞猛进！赶紧加入我们的学习大军吧~...





小伙伴们注意啦~~

特大福利来了~

带你学习新SAT必背词汇，每天背诵一个LIST，让你的英语突飞猛进！赶紧加入我们的学习大军吧~

特别提示：要把此篇文章放在你能看见的地方，以免要学习时找不到！你也可以将此篇文章分享给你的小伙伴们一起共同学习！

点这里查看前两期的单词↓↓↓↓↓

带你学习新SAT必背词汇--一级词汇（一）

带你学习新SAT必背词汇--一级词汇（二）

1. machination:

n. scheming activity for an evil purpose

阴谋策划；施诡计

2. magnanimous:

adj. forgiving; unresentful; noble in spirit; generous

崇高的；高尚的

3. magnate:

n. a rich;  powerful, or very successful business person

权贵；杰出的；富豪

4. malaise:

n. a feeling of depression, uneasiness, or queasiness

不自在；不适；抑郁

5. malfeasance:

n. an illegal act, especially by a public official

(尤指公务人员的)违法行为；违约行为；渎职

6. malignant:

adj. causing harm

恶意的；恶毒的；邪恶的

7. malinger:

v. to pretend to be sick to avoid doing work

诈病；装病

8. malleable:

adj. easy to shape or bend

（金属）延展性的；韧性的

9. mandate:

n. a command or authorization to do something; the will of the voters as expressed by the results of an election

命令；训令

10. manifest:

adj. visible; evident

显然的；明白无误的

11. manifesto:

n. a public declaration of beliefs or principles, usually political ones

宣言；发表宣言

12. marshal:

v. to arrange in order; to gather together for the purpose of doing something

整理（思路，想法等）；安排；排列

13. martial:

adj. warlike; having to do with combat

战神的；军事的；军队的

14. martyr:

n. someone who gives up his or her life in pursuit of a cause, especially a religious one; one who suffers for a cause; one who makes a show of suffering in order to arouse sympathy

烈士；殉难者

15. matriculate:

v. to enroll, especially at a college

录取…入大学；准许…注册入学

  1. maudlin:

adj. silly and overly sentimental

感情脆弱的；易伤感的

2. maverick:

n. a nonconformist; a rebel

党派中闹独立的；持异见者；行为不合常规的人

3. maxim:

n. a fundamental principle; an old saying

普遍真理；基本原理

4. mediate:

v. to help settle differences

调解；调停

5. mellifluous:

adj. sweetly flowing

声音甜美的；悦耳的

6. mendacious:

adj. lying; dishonest

撒谎的；不诚实的

7. mendicant:

n. a beggar

行乞的；乞丐的

8. mentor：

n. a teacher, tutor, counselor, or coach; especially in business, an experienced person who shows an inexperienced person the ropes

导师；指导者

9. mercenary:

n. a hired solider; someone who will do anything for money

雇佣兵；受雇佣者

10. mercurial:

adj. emotionally unpredictable; rapidly changing in mood

机智的；精明的

11. metamorphosis:

n. a magical change in form; a striking or sudden change

形变；质变1. microcosm:

n. the world in miniature

小天地；小宇宙

2. milieu:

n. environment; surroundings

周围环境；出身背景

3. minuscule:

adj. very tiny

非常小的；微小的；微不足道的

4. misanthropic:

adj. hating mankind

厌恶人类（者）的；憎恨世人的

5. mitigate:

v. to moderate the effect of something

使缓和；使温和

6. mollify:

v. to soften; to soothe; to pacify

使平静；抚慰

7. monolithic:

adj. massive, solid, uniform, and unyielding

独块巨石的；整体式的

8. moribund:

adj. dying

垂死的；奄奄一息的

9. morose:

adj. gloomy; sullen

阴郁的；脾气不好的

10. mortify:

adj. humiliate

使失面子；使羞辱

11. mundane:

adj. ordinary; pretty boring; not heavenly and eternal

尘世的；世俗的；单调的

12. munificent:

adj. very generous; lavish

慷慨的; 丰厚的

13. myopia:

adj. nearsightedness; lack of foresight

目光短浅；缺乏深谋远虑

14. myriad:

n. a huge number

无数；极大数量 

 1. narcissism:

n. excessive love of one’s body or oneself

自我陶醉；孤芳自赏

2. nebulous:

adj. vague; hazy; indistinct

模糊不清的；混乱的

3. nefarious:

adj. evil; flagrantly wicked

恶毒的；邪恶的

4. neologism:

n. a new word or phrase; a new usage of a word

新词；荒谬之极的杜撰新词

5. nepotism:

n. showing favoritism to friends or family in business or politics

（商界或政界中的）重用亲属；任人唯亲

6. nihilism:

n. the belief that there are no values or morals in the universe

虚无主义

7. nominal:

adj. in name only; insignificant; A-OK (during rocket launches)

名义上的；有名无实的

8. nostalgia:

n. sentimental longing for the past; homesickness

思家病；怀乡病

9. notorious:

adj. famous for something bad

臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的

10. novel:

adj. new; original

新的；新颖的

11. noxious:

adj. harmful; offensive

有害的；不卫生的；有毒的

12. nuance:

n. a subtle difference or distinction

（意义，感情，意见，颜色，音调等的）细微差别；微妙之处

 1. obdurate:

adj. stubborn and insensitive

顽固的；顽固不化的；冷酷无情的

2. obfuscate:

v. to darken; to confuse; to make confusing

使混乱；使糊涂；迷惑

3. oblique:

adj. indirect; at an angle

斜的；倾斜的

4. oblivion：

n. total forgetfulness; the state of being forgotten

被遗忘的状态；堙没；遗忘

5. obscure:

adj. unknown; hard to understand; dark

晦涩的；费解的

6. obsequious:

adj. fawning; subservient; sucking up to

巴结的； 卑躬屈膝的；服从的

7. obtuse

adj. insensitive; blockheaded

钝的；不锋利的

8. officious:

adj. annoyingly eager to help or advise

过分殷勤的；好管闲事的

9. onerous:

adj. burdensome; oppressive

沉重的；繁重的；麻烦的

10. opaque:

adj. impossible to see through; impossible to understand

不透明的；不透光的

11. opulent:

adj. luxurious

富裕的；豪华的；奢侈的

12. orthodox:

adj. conventional; adhering to established principles or doctrines, especially in religion; by the book

正宗的；正统的

13. ostensible:

adj. apparent (but misleading); professed

表面上的；假装的；貌似真实的;可以看出的

14. ostentatious:

adj. excessively conspicuous; showing off

豪华的；铺张的

15. pacify:

v. to calm someone down; to placate

使平静；使安静

 1. painstaking：

adj. extremely careful; taking pains

勤恳的；刻苦的

2. palliate:

v. to relieve or alleviate something without getting

减轻；缓和

3. palpable:

adj. capable of being touched; obvious; tangible

可感知的；明显的

4. paltry:

adj. insignificant; worthless

没价值的；微不足道的；可藐视的

5. panacea:

n. something that cures everything

治百病的灵药；万应药

6. paradigm:

n. a model or example

范例；样式

7. paradox:

n. a true statement or phenomenon that nonetheless seems to contradict itself; an untrue statement or phenomenon that nonetheless seems logical

似矛盾而（可能）正确的说法；自相矛盾的谬论说法

8. parochial:

adj. narrow or confined in point of view; provincial

目光偏狭的；地方观念的

9. parody:

n. a satirical imitation

（诙谐）模仿诗文；模仿作品；拙劣的模仿

10. parsimonious:

adj. stingy

过于节俭的；吝啬的

11. partisan:

n. one who supports a particular person, cause or idea

党人；党徒；虔诚的信徒

 1. patent:

adj. obvious

专利；专利权

2. paternal:

adj. fatherly; fatherlike

父亲的；父亲般的

3. pathology:

n. the science of disease

病理学

4. patriarch:

n. the male head of a family or tribe

家长；族长

5. patrician:

n. a person of noble birth; an aristocrat

贵族；有教养的人；地方行政长官

6. patronize:

v. to treat as an inferior; to condescend to

自主；赞助；对…以施惠人自居

7. paucity:

n. scarcity

小数；数目

8. peccadillo:

n. a minor offense

轻罪；过失；小错误

9. pedantic:

adj. boring scholarly or academic

卖弄学问的

10. pedestrian:

adj. unimaginative; banal

缺乏想象的；乏味的

11. pejorative:

adj. negative; disparaging

贬损的；贬义的

12. penchant:

n. a strong taste or liking for something; a predilection

强烈（或特别）的倾向；偏向

13. penitent:

adj. sorry; repentant; contrite

悔罪的；回国的

14. pensive:

adj. thoughtful and sad

令人忧虑的；忧伤的 1. peremptory:

adj. final; categorical; dictatorial

最后决定的；无需说明理由的

2. perennial:

adj. continual; happening again and again or year after year

终年的；常年的

3. perfidy:

n. treachery

背信弃义的；不忠贞的

4. perfunctory:

adj. unenthusiastic; careless

敷衍的；马虎的

5. peripatetic:

adj. wandering; traveling continually; itinerant

到处走的；漫步的

6. periphery:

n. the outside edge of something

外围；周边

7. perjury:

n. lying under oath

伪证；假誓

8. permeate:

v. to spread or seep through; to penetrate

遍布；充满

9. pernicious:

adj. deadly; extremely evil

有害的；恶劣的

10. perquisite:

n. a privilege that goes along with a job; a “perk”

特殊待遇；特权

11. pertinent:

adj. relevant; dealing with the matter at hand

有关系的；相关的

12. perturb:

v. to disturb greatly

使心绪不宁；使烦恼；使担心

13. peruse:

v. to read carefully

仔细阅读；仔细研究 1. pervade:

v. to spread out

弥漫于；渗透于

2. petulant:

adj. rude; cranky; ill-tempered

任性的；坏脾气的

3. philanthropy:

n. love of mankind; especially by doing good deeds

仁善；慈善

4. philistine:

n. a smugly ignorant person with no appreciation of intellectual or artistic matters

平庸之人；庸人

5. pious:

adj. reverent or devout; outwardly (and sometimes falsely) reverent or devout; hypocritical

虔诚的；孝顺的

6. pivotal:

adj. crucial

中枢的；关键的

7. placate:

v. to pacify; to appease; to soothe

平息；安抚；抚慰

8. plaintive:

adj. expressing sadness or sorrow

表示痛苦的；伤心的

9. platitude:

n. a dull or trite remark; a cliché

平凡；陈腐

10. plebeian:

adj. common; vulgar; low-class

平民；普通公民

11. plethora:

n. an excess

太多；过多

12. poignant:

adj. painfully emotional; extremely moving; sharp or astute

令人痛苦的；辛酸的；惨痛的1. polarize:

v. to break up into opposing factions or groupings

使有极性；使集中

2. polemic:

n. a powerful argument often made to attack or refute a controversial issue

激烈的争辩；辩论

3. ponderous:

adj. so large as to be clumsy; massive; dull

沉重的；笨重的

4. portent:

n. an omen; a sign of something coming in the future

凶兆；不详之兆

5. postulate:

n. something accepted as true without proof; an axiom

假定；假设

6. pragmatic:

adj. practical; down to earth; based on experience rather than theory

讲究实际的；重实效的

7. precedent:

n. an earlier example or model of something

先例；前例

8. precept:

n. a rule to live by; a principle establishing a certain kind of action or behavior; a maxim

戒律；格言

9. precipitate:

v. to cause to happen abruptly

使突然下降；促成；加快

10. precipitous:

adj. steep

陡峭的；陡峻的 1. preclude:

v. to prevent something from ever happening

排除；防止；杜绝

2. precursor:

n. forerunner; something that goes before and anticipates or paves the way for whatever it is that follows

先驱；先锋

1. predilection:

n. a natural preference for something

偏爱；偏好

2. preeminent:

adj. better than anyone else; outstanding; supreme

卓越的；杰出的

3. preempt:

v. to seize something by prior right

抢先占有；抢在…之前

4. premise:

n. an assumption; the basis for a conclusion

假定；假设

5. prepossess:

v. to preoccupy; to influence beforehand or prejudice; to make a good impression on beforehand

使先充溢（某种感情）；使事先受影响

6. prerogative:

n. a right or privilege connected exclusively with a position, a person, a class, a nation, or some other group or classification

独有的权利；特权

7. prevail:

v. to triumph; to overcome rivals; (with on, upon, or with) to persuade

流行；盛行；获胜

8. pristine:

adj. original; unspoiled; pure

太古的；原始的

9. prodigal:

adj. wastefully extravagant

非常浪漫的；挥霍的；奢侈的 1. prodigious:

adj. extraordinary; enormous

巨大的；庞大的

2. prodigy:

n. an extremely talented child; an extraordinary accomplishment or occurrence

奇迹；天才

3. profane:

adj. not having to do with religion; irreverent; blasphemous

亵渎；玷污

4. profess:

v. to declare; to declare falsely or pretend

表示；声称；承认

5. proficient:

adj. thoroughly competent; skillful; good (at something)

熟练的；精通的

6. profligate:

adj. extravagantly wasteful and, usually, wildly immoral

放荡的；行为不检的；极其浪费的

7. profound:

adj. deep (in several senses)

深邃的；很深的

8. profuse:

adj. flowing; extravagant

充沛的；过多的

9. proletariat:

n. the industrial working class

无产阶级；工人阶级

10. proliferate:

v. to spread or grow rapidly

增生；激增；扩展

11. prolific:

adj. abundantly productive; fruitful or fertile

多育的；多产的 1. promulgate:

v. to proclaim; to publicly or formally declare something

颁布；公布

2. propensity:

n. a natural inclination or tendency; a predilection

倾向；习性

3. propitious:

adj. marked by favorable signs or conditions

吉祥的；吉利的

4. proponent:

n. an advocate; a supporter of a position

建议者；提议者

5. proprietary:

adj. characteristic of an owner of property; constituting property

所有人的；业主的

6. propriety:

n. properness; good matters

正当；得体

7. prosaic:

adj. dull; unimaginative; like prose ( as opposed to poetry)

散文的；平凡的；乏味的

8. proscribe:

v. to outlaw; to prohibit

禁止；排斥；谴责

9. proselytize:

v. to convert (someone) from one religion or doctrine to another; to recruit converts to a religion or doctrine

使改变宗教信仰

10. protagonist:

n. the leading character in novel, play, or other work; a leader of champion

主人公；领导者；主角

11. protract:

v. to prolong

延长；拖延

12. provident:

adj. preparing for the future; providing for the future; frugal

顾及将来的；未雨绸缪的；有远虑的 1. provincial:

adj. Iimited in outlook to one’s own small corner of the world; narrow

外省的；外地的

2. provisional:

adj. conditional; temporary; tentative

临时的；暂时性的

3. proximity:

n. nearness

接近；临近

4. prudent:

adj. careful; having foresight

审慎的；小心的

5. purported:

adj. rumored; claimed

传说的；谣言的

6. putative:

adj. commonly accepted; supposed; reputed

假定存在的；推定的1. qualify:

v. to modify or restrict

使合适；使胜任

2. qualitative:

adj. having to do with the quality or qualities of something (as opposed to the quantity)

质量的；性质的

3. querulous:

adj. complaining; grumbling; whining

抱怨的；爱发牢骚的

4. quixotic:

adj. romantic or idealistic to a foolish or impractical degree

想入非非的；异想天开的1. ramification:

n. a consequence; a branching out

分枝；后果

2. rancor:

n. bitter, long-lasting ill will or resentment

深仇；积怨

3. rapacious:

adj. greedy; plundering; avaricious

掠夺的；强取的

4. rebuke:

v. to criticize sharply

指责；训斥

5. rebut:

v. to contradict; to argue in opposition to; to prove to be false

反驳；驳斥

6. recalcitrant:

adj. stubbornly defiant of authority or control; disobedient

顽抗的；倔强对抗的

7. recant:

v. to publicly take back and deny (something previously said or believed); to openly confess error

放弃（信仰，誓言，主张等）；（正式并公开的）撤回

8. reciprocal:

adj. mutual; shared; interchangeable

相互的；交互的；有来有往的

9. reclusive:

adj. hermitlike; withdrawn from society

隐居的；单独监禁的

10. recondite:

adj. hard to understand; over one’s head

深奥的；艰深的 1. recrimination:

n. a bitter counteraccusation, or the act of making a bitter counteraccusation

反责；反诉

2. redolent:

adj. fragrant

香的；芬芳的

3. redundant:

adj. unnecessarily repetitive; excessive; excessively wordy

过多的；多余的

4. refute:

v. to prove to be false; to disprove

驳斥；反驳

5. reiterate:

v. to say again; to repeat

反复做；反复重申

6. relegate:

v. to banish; to send away

把…降级； 把…置于次要地位

7. relentless:

adj. continuous; unstoppable

不间断的；持续的

8. relinquish:

v. to release or let go of; to surrender; to stop doing

放弃；弃绝（习惯等）

9. remonstrate:

v. to argue against; to protest; to raise objections

抗议；反抗

10. renaissance:

n. a rebirth or revival

新生；再生

11. renounce:

v. to give up formally and resign; to disown; to have nothing to do with anymore

声明放弃；抛弃；弃绝 1. reparation:

n. paying back; making amends; compensation

修理；修补

2. repercussion:

n. a consequence; an indirect effect

反响；影响；后果

3. replenish

v. to fill again; to resupply; to restore

把…装满；把…再备足

4. replete：

adj. completely filled; abounding

充满的；充斥的

5. reprehensible:

adj. worthy of sever blame or censure

应受斥责的；应受指摘的

6. reprisal:

n. a military action undertaken in revenge for another; an act of taking “ an eye for an eye”

报复；报复行动

7. reproach:

v. to scold, usually in disappointment; to blame; to disgrace

责备；斥责

8. reprove:

v. to criticize mildly

责备；非难；指摘

9. repudiate:

v. to reject; to renounce; to disown; to have nothing to do with

拒绝；拒绝接受；否认；否定

10. requisite:

adj. required; necessary

需要的；必不可少的

11. resolute:

adj. determined; firm; unwavering

坚决的；坚定的；表示出决心的 1. respite:

n. a period of rest or relief

暂缓；暂时缓歇

2. reticent:

adj. quiet; restrained; reluctant to speak, especially about oneself

沉默寡言的；缄默的；说话有保留的

3. revere:

v. to respect highly; to honor

敬畏；崇敬

4. rhetoric:

n. the art of formal speaking or writing; inflated discourse

修辞；修辞学

5. rigorous:

adj. strict; harsh; severe

严格的；严厉的

6. robust:

adj. strong and healthy; vigorous

强壮的；茁壮的；强健的

7. rogue:

n. a criminally dishonest person; a scoundrel

无赖；流氓；恶棍

8. rudimentary:

adj. basic; crude; unformed or undeveloped

基本的；初步的；早期的

9. ruminate:

v. to contemplate; to ponder; to mull over

沉思；反复思考

10. rustic:

adj. rural; lacking urban comforts or sophistication; primitive

乡村的；朴素的；农村风味的 1. saccharine:

adj. sweet; excessively or disgusting sweet

糖质的；含糖的

2. sacrilege:

n. a violation of something sacred; blasphemy

亵渎神圣；渎圣行为

3. sacrosanct:

adj. sacred; held to be inviolable

极其神圣的；不可侵犯的

4. sagacious:

adj. discerning; shrewd; keen in judgment; wise

聪慧的；思想敏锐的

5. salient:

adj. sticking out; conspicuous; leaping

显著的；突出的

6. salutary:

adj. healthful; remedial; curative

有益的；有利的；有益健康的

7. sanctimonious:

adj. pretending to be devout; affecting religious feeling

假装圣洁的；伪善的

8. sanguine:

adj. cheerful; optimistic; hopeful

乐天的；乐观的

9. sardonic:

adj. mocking; scornful

冷嘲的；讥讽的1. scintillate:

v. to sparkle; either literally or figuratively

发火花；闪烁；闪耀

2. scrupulous:

adj. strict; careful; hesitant for ethical reasons

有顾忌的；细致的；仔细的

3. scrutinize:

v. to examine very carefully

详细检查；仔细观察

4. secular:

adj. having nothing to do with religion or spiritual concerns

现世的；尘世的；世俗的

5. sedition:

n. treason; the incitement of public disorder or rebellion

煽动言论；煽动骚乱

6. segregate:

v. to separate

使隔离；使分开；使分离

7. sensory:

adj. having to do with the senses or sensation

感觉的；感官的

8. sentiment:

adj. able to perceive by the senses; conscious

思想感情；情操；感情

9. sequester:

v. to set or keep apart

使隔绝；使隐退 1. serendipity:

n. accidental good fortune; discovering good things without looking for them

意外发现珍奇事物的本领；侥幸发现的东西

2. servile:

adj. submissive and subservient; like a servant

奴隶的；卑躬屈膝的

3. singular:

adj. unique; superior; exceptional; strange

独一的；唯一的

4. sinister:

adj. evil; wicked; foreshadowing evil, trouble, or wickedness

恶意的；阴险的

5. slander:

v. to speak badly about someone publicly; to defame; to spread malicious rumor

诽谤；诋毁

6. sloth:

n. laziness; sluggishness

懒散；怠惰

7. sobriety:

n. the satiate of being sober; seriousness

冷静；清醒；适度；严肃

8. solicitous:

adj. eager and attentive, often to the point of hovering; anxiously caring or attentive

关心的；焦虑的；渴望的

9. solvent:

adj. not broke or bankrupt; able to pay one’s bills

有偿付能力的；无债务的

10. soporific:

adj. sleep inducing; boring; sleepy

引起睡眠的；催眠的；睡眠的 1. sordid:

adj. vile; filthy; squalid

肮脏的；污秽的

2. spawn:

v. to bring forth; to produce a large number

引发；引起；导致

3. specious:

adj. deceptively plausible or attractive

外表美观的；华而不实的

4. sporadic:

adj. stopping and starting; scattered; occurring in bursts every once in a while

不时发生的；断断续续的

5. spurious:

adj. false; fake

假的；伪造的

6. squalor:

n. filth; wretched; degraded, or repulsive living conditions

肮脏；邋遢；卑鄙；恶劣

7. squander:

v. to waste

浪费；挥霍

8. stagnation:

n. motionlessness; inactivity

不流动；呆滞；不发展

9. static:

adj. stationary; not changing or moving

静的；静力的；静止的

10. staunch:

adj. firmly committed; firmly in favor of; steadfast

牢固的；坚固的

11. steadfast:

adj. loyal; faithful

固定的；鉴定的；忠实的

12. stigmatize:

v. to brand with disgrace; to set a mark of disgrace upon

给…带来耻辱；侮辱；指责

13. stipulate:

v. to require something as part of an agreement

规定；约定；确定；保证

14. stoic:

adj. indifferent (at least outwardly) to pleasure or pain, to joy or grief, to fortune or misfortune

泰然自若的；坚忍克己的

15. stratum:

n. a layer; a level

层；组织

16. stricture:

n. a restriction; a limitation; a negative criticism

指责；限制；束缚；约束1. strife:

n. bitter conflict; discord; a struggle or clash

冲突；争吵

2. stringent:

adj. strict; restrictive

严格的；严厉的

3. stymie:

v. to thwart; to get in the way of ; to hinder

阻挠；阻碍

4. subjugate:

v. to subdue and dominate; to enslave

征服；制服

5. sublime:

adj. awesome; extremely exalted; lofty; majestic

高尚的；崇高的

6. subordinate:

adj. lower in importance, position, or rank; secondary

下级的；级别低的

7. substantive:

adj. having substance; real; essential; solid; substantial

独立存在的；自理的；根本性的

8. subtle:

adj. not obvious; able to make fine distinctions; ingenious; crafty

隐约的；清淡的；微妙的

9. subversive:

adj. corrupting; overthrowing; undermining; insurgent

颠覆性的；起破坏作用的

10. succinct:

adj. brief and to the point; concise

简明的；简洁的；简练的1. succumb:

v. to yield or submit; to die

屈服；屈从

2. supercilious:

adj. haughty; patronizing

高傲的；傲慢的

3. superficial:

adj. on the surface only; shallow; not thorough

面积的；平方的

4. superfluous:

adj. extra; unnecessary; redundant

过多的；过量的

5. surfeit:

n excess; an excessive amount; excess or overindulgence in eating or drinking

过量；过度

6. surreptitious:

adj. sneaky; secret

鬼鬼祟祟的；保密的

7. surrogate:

adj. substitute

替代的；代用的

8. sycophant:

n. one who sucks up to others

诽谤者；谄媚者

9. synthesis:

n. the combining of parts to form a whole

综合；结合

美国留学咨询热线：400-086 2400/024-2291 6121以下为STF斯坦福

历届部分优秀学员

录取情况





点击“阅读原文”进入STF斯坦福

↓↓↓↓↓

    关注 STF斯坦福