【会展学习】国际PPT大师Garr分享的10大PPT设计制作技巧

如果你将在一个黑暗的房间(如比较大的会场)演讲，那么深色背景(深蓝、灰色等)与白色或浅色文本将会相得益彰。但如果你计划让大部分的灯开着(其实是很明智的)，那么白色背景和黑色或深色文本的效果将会更好。...

本文编译自国际知名的PPT专家Garr Reynolds的PPT进阶10大技巧（视觉设计篇）的英文原文。PPTology/幻灯派将持续为粉丝们编译高质量的英文Presentation/PPT文章，致力于提升大家的PPT生产力和职场竞争力。



闲言少叙，直接上图上干货：

1、保持简约

Keep it Simple



PowerPoint使用水平或“横向”的方式组合幻灯片。它提供了一种表现图形化信息的便捷方法，并以此对演讲者及其演讲内容进行补充和支持。

PowerPoint uses slides with a horizontal or "Landscape" orientation. The software was designed as a convenient way to display graphical information that would support the speaker and supplement the presentation.

而幻灯片本身永远不可成为“秀场主角”(主角必然是你的观众)。

The slides themselves were never meant to be the "star of the show"(the star, of course, is your audience).

观众前来是希望从你的演讲中有所感知（感动和/或知晓），所以切勿让你应提供的信息、应讲述的故事被幻灯片所破坏。而这些幻灯片往往是一味追求外表华丽信息丰富、或填满爱德华•塔夫特（Edward Tufte）说的那些“图表垃圾”。

People came to hear you and be moved or informed (or both) by you and your message. Don't let your message and your ability to tell a story get derailed by slides that are unnecessarily complicated, busy, or full of what Edward Tufte calls "chart junk".

没有什么在你的幻灯片应该是多余的，永远。

Nothing in your slide should be superfluous, ever.

你的幻灯片应该留有足够的“留白区”或“底片区”。不要觉得非得用标识或其他无益于增进理解的图标或文本框去填埋那些空白区域。杂乱的东西越少，你所表达出的视觉信息就越有力量。

Your slides should have plenty of "white space" or "negative space".Do not feel compelled to fill empty areas on your slide with your logo or other unnecessary graphics or text boxes that do not contribute to better understanding. The less clutter you have on your slide, the more powerful your visual message will become.

2、少用点句与文本

Limit bullet points & text



演讲是为了让观众的获益。一个接一个的点句（bullet point）除了令观众反感之外，几乎不会给观众带来什么帮助。于是这带来了文本上的问题。

Your presentation is for the benefit of the audience. But boring an audience with bullet point after bullet point is of little benefit to them. Which brings us to the issue of text.

最好的幻灯片其实可以根本不用文本。

The best slides may have no text at all.

幻灯派注：幻灯派PPT认为这得取决于PPT的场景，在大会场演讲PPT是可以不用/少用文本的，但在公司内部汇报工作等场景下没有文字肯定未必恰当。具体原则可以参见畅销书《PPT高手之道：六步变身职场幻灯派》一书。

最好的PowerPoint幻灯片离开了你的演绎实际上是没有意义的，鉴于人们对文本幻灯片十分依赖的现状，这或许听起来十分疯狂。请记住，幻灯片是为了支持演讲者的演绎，而非令演讲者成为多余。

This may sound insane given the dependency of text slides today, but the best PowerPoint slides will be virtually meaningless with out the narration (that is you). Remember, the slides are meant tosupport the narration of the speaker, not make the speaker superfluous.

经常有许多人这么说道，“抱歉，我错过了您的演讲。我听说您讲得特别棒。可以将您PPT发给我吗？”其实，如果它们是优秀的幻灯片，那它们离开了你便毫无意义。

Many people often say something like this: "Sorry I missed your presentation. I hear it was great. Can you just send me your PowerPoint slides?" But if they are good slides, they will be of little use without you.

更好的做法并不是拷贝一份PPT，而是去准备一份包含你演讲最精华部分的内容及其展开的笔记。听众从一份详细的、书面的讲义（作为演讲者希望听众离开演讲会场后带走的演讲要点 —— takeaway）会收益更多，而不仅仅是一个PPT拷贝。

Instead of a copy of your PowerPoint slides, it is far better to prepare a written document which highlights your content from the presentation and expands on that content. Audiences are much better served receiving a detailed, written handout as a takeaway from the presentation, rather than a mere copy of your PowerPoint slides.

如果你有详细的手册或是刊物可供观众观后传阅的话，就更不必勉强自己用成堆的文字来填充你的PPT。

If you have a detailed handout or publication for the audience to be passed out after your talk, you need not feel compelled to fill your PowerPoint slides with a great deal of text.

在本节讲谈后半段，我们将讨论更多有关这一方面的内容，但一旦如果我们谈到文本，请大家一定记住，永远都不要背对着观众将你的幻灯片进行逐字诵读。

We'll talk more about this in the delivery section below, but as long as we are talking about text, please remember tonever, ever turn your back on the audience and read text from the slide word for word.

下面这张幻灯片看似并无怪异，实际却未提供任何视觉辅助作用，更像是一张“视力检查表”。

This slide is not unusual, but it is not a visual aid,it is more like an "eye chart".



请尽力避免如下长（极）篇（其）累（催）牍（眠）的幻灯片。

Try to avoid text-heavy (and sleep inducing) slides like this one。



成为像如下一般简约的幻灯片。

Aim for something like this simple slide below.



而（下面）这张更好……

幻灯派注：幻灯派PPT认为这得取决于PPT的场景，在大会场演讲PPT是可以用大图少字风格，但在公司内部汇报工作等场景下未必恰当。具体原则可以参见畅销书《PPT高手之道：六步变身职场幻灯派》一书。

3、少用幻灯片切换和对象创建(动画)

Limit transitions & builds (animation)



明智而审慎地使用对象创建和幻灯片切换。

Use object builds and slide transitions judiciously.

不要将每个幻灯片上的创建对象（又称动画），例如点句，都加上“特效”。少量动画是好的，但必须要恰到好处并十分专业（类似于电视台晚间新闻播放）。

Object builds (also called animations), such as bullet points, should not be animated on every slide. Some animation is a good thing, but stick to the most subtle and professional (similar to what you might see on the evening TV news broadcast).

一个简单的“自左侧擦除”（“动画”菜单下）对点句是适用的，但例如"移动"或"飞入"，却过于繁琐和缓慢（而这些在现今的演示文稿中经常被用到）。被迫忍受着一页接一页的幻灯片动画，观众将很快厌烦。

A simple "Wipe Left-to-Right" (from the "Animations" menu) is good for a bullet point, but a "Move" or "Fly" for example is too tedious and slow (and yet, is used in many presentations today). Listeners will get bored very quickly if they are asked to endure slide after slide of animation.

而对于幻灯片之间的过渡，过渡效果使用不要超过2到3个不同的类型，也不要将所有幻灯片之间都加上过渡效果。

For transitions between slides, use no more than two-three different types of transition effects and do not place transition effects between all slides.

4、使用高品质的图片

Use high-quality graphics


用高品质的图片,包括照片。

Use high-quality graphics including photographs.

你可以自己用数码照相机拍摄的高质量照片，也可以购买专业的商业库存图片，或使用在线的大量高质量可用图像(需注意版权问题)。

You can take your own high-quality photographs with your digital camera, purchase professional stock photography, or use the plethora of high-quality images available on line (be cautious of copyright issues, however).

请不要随意地拉伸小而分辨率低的照片，试图使其适合你的版面设计——这样做只会把它的分辨率拉得更低。

Never simply stretch a small, low-resolution photo to make it fit your layout-doing so will degrade the resolution even further.

避免使用 PowerPoint剪贴画或其他卡通式线条。你的观众们此前已将这些自带图形看过一百万次了。1993年它或许还是有趣的，但如今此类剪贴画的加入只会有损演讲者的专业水平。

Avoid using PowerPoint Clip Art or other cartoonish line art. Again, if it is included in the software, your audience has seen it a million times before. It may have been interesting in 1993, but today the inclusion of such clip art often undermines the professionalism of the presenter.

当然也有例外，并不是所有的 PowerPoint 艺术画都是可怕的，但依旧请仔细谨慎地使用。

There are exceptions, of course, and not all PowerPoint art is dreadful, but use carefully and judiciously.

请尽力避免如下俗劣的剪贴画。

Try to avoid cheesy clip art like this.



经过编辑的全景图片会使你的PPT更有力，更专业。

This edited stock photograph is more effective and professional.



我经常在我的幻灯片中使用人物影像，因为人物照片有助于观众与我的幻灯片建立更富有情感的联系。

I often use images of people in my slides, as photography of people tends to help the audience connect with the slide on a more emotional level.

如果影像图片是次要的，那么我会用Photoshop降低图片的不透明度，增加高斯模糊或运动过滤。

If the photographic image is secondary in importance, then I decrease the opacity and add a Gaussian Blur or motion filter in Photoshop.

如果影像图片是主要区域，我希望观众去关注它 (例如产品图片)，那么图像可以使之更加显著，而文本就可以相应减少甚至去除。

If the photographic image is the primary area I want the audience to notice (such as a picture of a product), then the image can be more pronounced and little (or no) text is needed.

在下图所示标题页中，图片为主。

In this title slide, the image is primary.



而在同一个演示文稿下的这一页，图片成为次要的，应在Photoshop中首先编辑它以便将其置于底层。

In this slide of the same presentation, the image is secondary and "pushed" to the back by editing it first in Photoshop.



5、采用视觉主题,但避免使用PPT模板

Have a visual theme, but avoid using PowerPoint templates


在你的演讲中，你显然需要一个一致的视觉主题，但大多数PowerPoint模板有已经被你的观众们观摩过无数次了(再者这些模板本身用来做初期使用效果根本就没那么好)。

You clearly need a consistent visual theme throughout your presentation, but most templates included in PowerPoint have been seen by your audience countless times (and besides, the templates are not all that great to begin with).

观众期望的是一个内容新颖(至少对他们而言)、风格独特的演绎表达，否则他们为什么要来听你的演讲？

Your audience expects a unique presentation with new (at least to them) content, otherwise why would they be attending your talk?

没有观众会因千篇一律的演讲而兴奋，因此我们必须避免使用任何会暗示你的演讲是公式化的、预先包装好的辅助性视觉材料，例如无处不在的PowerPoint设计模板。

No audience will be excited about a cookie-cutter presentation, and we must therefore shy away from any supporting visuals, such as the ubiquitous PowerPoint Design Template, that suggests your presentation is formulaic or prepackaged.

你可以制作属于你自己的背景模板,使之更适你的需要。接着可以保存演示文稿文件作为一个设计模板(.pot)，于是这个新模板会在你的标准微软模板中出现以供使用。

You can make your own background templates which will be more tailored to your needs.You can then save the PowerPoint file as a Design Template (.pot) and the new template will appear among your standard Microsoft templates for your future use.

你还可以在线购买专业的模板(如:www.powerpointtemplatespro.com)。

You can also purchase professional templates on-line (for example:www.powerpointtemplatespro.com)

幻灯派注：幻灯派PPT认为上述原则比较适用于大会演讲型PPT，而对于内部工作汇报型、咨询报告型PPT，建议还是采用公司内部通用的PPT模板。具体原则可以参见畅销书《PPT高手之道：六步变身职场幻灯派》一书。

6、使用适当的图表

Use appropriate charts



多问自己,“我需要多少细节?”

Always be asking yourself, "How much detail do I need?"

演讲者通常会因屏幕图表包含过多的数据而感到内疚。数据的图表展现方式有许多种，这里请记住如下这几点:

Presenters are usually guilty of including too much data in their on-screen charts. There are several ways to display your data in graphic form; here are a few things to keep in mind:

• 饼图 Pie Charts

用于显示百分比。色块数量限制在4到6, 使用颜色或爆裂片以对比出最重要的部分。

Used to show percentages. Limit the slices to 4-6 and contrast the most important slice either with color or by exploding the slice.

• 垂直条形图 Vertical Bar Charts

用于显示随时间的变化量。最好将条形数量限制在4至8。

Used to show changes in quantity over time. Best if you limit the bars to 4-8.

• 水平条形图 Horizontal Bar Charts

用于比较的数量。例如，对比公司的四个区域的销售数据。

Used to compare quantities. For example, comparing sales figures among the four regions of the company.

• 线状图 Line Charts

用于演示的趋势。如下，这个简单的折线图显示了我们的销售额在逐年提升的良好走势。箭头放在后面强调的是:我们的未来很不错!

Used to demonstrate trends. For example, here is a simple line chart showing that our sales have gone up every year. The trend is good. The arrow comes in later to underscore the point: Our future looks good!

一般来说，表格对于定量信息的并列比较很有效，却缺少对本质层面的影响。

In general, tables are good for side-by-side comparisons of quantitative data. However, tables can lack impact on a visceral level.

举例，如果你想展示你的贡献明显高于其他两方的话，最好是采用如下条形图的形式来表达。

If you want to show how your contributions are significantly higher than two other parties, for example, it would be best to show that in the form of a bar chart (below).



而如果你想淡化你的贡献低于别人的事实，可以用如下的表格来不那么引人注目地、或情感化地来表达该信息。

If you're trying to downplay the fact that your contributions are lower than others, however, a table will display that information in a less dramatic or emotional way.



7、善于使用颜色

Use color well


色彩可以唤起人们的感情。

Color evokes feelings.

色彩是富于情感的。选择正确的颜色有助于说服和激励。研究表明,使用色彩可以提高人们的学习兴趣,增强理解和记忆。

Color is emotional.The right color can help persuade and motivate. Studies show that color usage can increase interest and improve learning comprehension and retention.

你并不需要成为一名色彩理论专家,但对其至少了解一点对商业人士是有益的。

You do not need to be an expert in color theory, but it's good for business professionals to know at least a bit on the subject.

颜色可以分为两大类:冷色(如蓝色和绿色)和暖色(比如橙色和红色)。

Colors can be divided into two general categories: Cool (such as blue and green) and Warm (such as orange and red).

冷色看似在幕后离我们很远，因此它最适合作为背景色。而暖色看似在我们走来，通常作为前景中的对象(如文本)。

Cool colors work best for backgrounds as they appear to recede away from us into the background. Warm colors generally work best for objects in the foreground (such as text) because they appear to be coming at us.

不要觉得吊诡，是的，最常见的PowerPoint幻灯片配色方案就是蓝色背景加上黄色文本。你不必举得非得要用这种配色方案，虽然你可以选择那些颜色的各种变化。

It is no surprise, then, that the most ubiquitous PowerPoint slide color scheme includes a blue background with yellow text. You do not need to feel compelled to use this color scheme, though you may choose to use a variation of those colors.

如果你将在一个黑暗的房间(如比较大的会场)演讲，那么深色背景(深蓝、灰色等)与白色或浅色文本将会相得益彰。但如果你计划让大部分的灯开着(其实是很明智的)，那么白色背景和黑色或深色文本的效果将会更好。

If you will be presenting in a dark room (such as a large hall), then a dark background (dark blue, grey, etc.) with white or light text will work fine. But if you plan to keep most of the lights on (which is highly advisable) then a white background with black or dark text works much better.

在光源充足的房间内，深色背景浅色文本的屏幕显示往往被光线稀释，而浅色背景黑深色文字将更好地保持其视觉强度。

In rooms with a good deal of ambient light, a screen image with a dark background and light text tends to washout, but dark text on a light background will maintain its visual intensity a bit better.

了解更多:

• PresentationPro.com 有一篇很不错的Flash色彩教程。
• 到 CreativePro.com 了解更多色彩知识。
• Dummies.com 有一篇如何在PowerPoint创建配色方案的精彩短文。

Learn more:

• PresentationPro.com has some great Flash tutorials including one on color.
• Go to the CreativePro.com to learn more about color.
• Dummies.com has a good short article on how to create a Color Scheme in PowerPoint.

8、善用字体

Choose your fonts well


字体的外形和内容都传达着微妙的信息，这就是为什么你应该审慎地选择字体。

Fonts communicate subtle messages in and of themselves, which is why you should choose fonts deliberately.

整篇幻灯片中应使用相同的字体设置，互补字体的使用不超过两个(如Arial和Arial Bold)。

Use the same font set throughout your entire slide presentation, and use no more than two complementary fonts (e.g. Arial and Arial Bold).

一定要了解Serif font（衬线字体）(如Times New Roman)和Sans-Serif font（非衬线字体）(Helvetica或Arial) 之间的区别。

Make sure you know the difference between a Serif font (e.g., Times New Roman) and a Sans-Serif font (Helvetica or Arial).

Serif在文档中的大量文本中应予使用。人们认为Serif在小尺寸下比其他字体更容易阅读，然而它也会因为投影仪的低分辨率而变得模糊。

Serif fonts were designed to be used in documents filled with lots of text. Serif fonts are said to be easier to read at small point sizes, but for on screen presentations the serifs tend to get lost due to the relatively low resolution of projectors.

Sans-Serif通常最适合幻灯片演示,但请尽量避免无处不在的Helvetica。

San-serif fonts are generally best for PowerPoint presentations, but try to avoid the ubiquitous Helvetica.

我经常选用Gill Sans，因为它是介于衬线和无衬线字体两者之间的，专业、友好，并且便于“沟通”。

I often choose to use Gill Sans as it is somewhere in between a serif and a sans-serif font and is professional yet friendly and "conversational."

无论选择使用什么字体，确保最后排的观众同样能够看到它们。

Regardless of what font you choose, make sure the text can be read from the back of the room.

9、使用视频或音频

Use video or audio


适时使用视频和音频。

Use video and audio when appropriate.

使用视频剪辑以显示具体的例子促进认知的进一步加深，这是种自然的人类学习方式。你可以在幻灯片中使用视频，而不需要离开应用程序或打开录像机。

Using video clips to show concrete examples promotes active cognitive processing, which is the natural way people learn. You can use video clips within PowerPoint without ever leaving the application or tuning on a VCR.

使用视频不仅能更好地表达你的观点,它也可以作为节奏调节以增加观众的兴趣。你同样可以使用音频片段(如访谈)。

Using a video clip not only will illustrate your point better, it will also serve as a change of pace thereby increasing the interest of your audience.You can use audio clips (such as interviews) as well.

然而有一些东西是要避免的，如PowerPoint自带的廉价音效(比如幻灯片过渡时的喇叭声或掌声)。

Something to avoid, however, is cheesy sound effects that are included in PowerPoint (such as the sound of a horn or applause when transitioning slides).

在动画中使用多余的音效会失去你对于观众的信誉度。

The use of superfluous sound effects attached to animations is a sure way to lose credibility with your audience.

10、花时间用于幻灯片排序

Spend time in the slide sorter


根据多媒体学习理论的分割原则, 当信息被分割成较小的模块或段落时，人们会理解得更好。

According to the Segmentation Principle of multimedia learning theory, people comprehend better when information is presented in small chunks or segments.

从幻灯片视图进入幻灯片排序视图，你可以看到你的演讲逻辑流是如何进行的。在这个视图中，你可能会决定嵌入一张或者两到三张的幻灯片，以使你的演讲能有一个更为自然而富有逻辑的结构和过程。

By getting out of the Slide View and into the Slide Sorter view, you can see how the logical flow of your presentation is progressing. In this view you may decide to break up one slide into, say, two-three slides so that your presentation has a more natural and logical flow or process.

在这个视图中，以观众为出发点，你能更多地掌握整个演讲的完全形态。你会发现更多无关视觉素材可以被删除，从而增加视觉清晰度并使沟通更为完善。

In this view you will be able to capture more of the gestalt of your entire presentation from the point of view of your audience. You will be able to notice more extraneous pieces of visual data that can be removed to increase visual clarity and improve communication.

总结：

快速总结本期PPT进阶10大技巧（视觉设计篇）：

1. 保持简单（Keep it Simple）
2. 少用要点符号与文本（ Limit bullet points & text）
3. 少用幻灯片切换和对象创建(动画)（Limit transitions & builds (animation)）
4. 使用高品质的图片（Use high-quality graphics）
5. 采用视觉主题但避免使用PPT模板（Have a visual theme, but avoid using PowerPoint templates）
6. 使用适当的图表（Use appropriate charts）
7. 善于使用颜色 (Use color well)
8. 善用字体（Choose your fonts well）
9. 使用视频或音频（Use video or audio）
10. 花时间用于幻灯片排序（Spend time in the slide sorter）

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