【干货】如何写漂亮有效的句子（三）
今天我们五分钟的主题是：修饰成分位置错乱（Problems with Modifiers）...
本系列文章针对的群体：
- 考ACT/SAT的同学
- 在英美上高中，每周都要写essay的同学
- 申请完毕，马上大一开学的学生
- 平行结构
- 缺词
修饰词，无论是一个单词还是词组或者是从句，都要满足一个基本原则：要和被修饰的成分连在一起，不能隔开太远，否则会造成句意模糊、歧义等问题。细分下来，要满足以下的规则：
1. 限制性的修饰词，比如说 only, even, almost, just, 这些词如果是限定动词的，那要放在动词前面，如果是限制句子中其他成分的，需要放在那些成分之前，咱们来看下面一些犯了这个错误的句子，看看怎么修改，正确答案在文末。
a. St. VitusCathedral, commissioned by Charles IV in the mid-fourteenth century, almost took six centuries to complete.
b. If you just interview chemistry majors, your picture of the student body’s response to the new grading policies will be incomplete.
2. 有一些短语或者从句有时是可以离被修饰的成分一段距离的，但是有时也会产生歧义，这个时候，要调整位置，大家看看下面的病句怎么修改。
a. There are many pictures of comedians who have performed at Gavin’s on the walls.
b. The robber was described as a six-foot-tall man with a heavy mustache weighing 170 pounds.
c. The exchange students we met for coffee occasionally questioned us about our latest slang.
3. 英语中的句子，按照常理，顺序应该是 主语+谓语+（宾语），所以，如果状语或者副词性质的成分将主语和谓语隔开，或者将谓语和宾语隔开，或者将助动词和主动词（比如说 can think, can是助动词，think是主动词）隔开, 这样的句子是比较奇怪的，咱们看下下面的句子怎么改。
a. Hong Kong, after more than 150 years of British rule, was transferred back to Chinesecontrol in 1997.
b. Jeffrey Meyersdiscusses, in his biography of F. Scott Jeffrey, the writer’s “fascination with the superiority, the selfishness, and the emptiness of the rich” (166).
注意：英语中不允许用一个副词隔开“谓语+宾语”的结构，看下下面的句子怎么改。
c. Yolanda lifted easily the fifty-pound weight.
4. 如果出现非谓语动词词组，这些词组的逻辑主语应该和主句的主语是一样的。看看下面句子怎么修改。
a. Understanding the need to create checks and balances on power, the Constitution divided the government into three branches.
b. After completing seminary training, women’s access to the priesthood has often beendenied.
答案：
1. a. almost 放在 six centuries 前面; b. just 放在 chemistry majors 前面
2. a. On the wall 放在整个句子前面; b. weighing 170 pounds 去掉，然后在 six-foot-tall 前面加上 170-pound; c. occasionally 的位置可以放在 we 后面 或者 放在 us 后面，意思不一样
3. a. after more than 150 years of British rule 放在整个句子前面;
b. In his biography of biography of F. Scott Jeffrey, Meyers discusses the writer’s “fascination with the superiority, the selfishness, and the emptiness of the rich” (166).
c. easily 放在 lifeted 前面
4. a. 在 the Constitution 前面加 the framers;
b. After completing seminary training, women have often been denied access to the priesthood.
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Reference：
Sommers, Nancy, and Diana Hacker. A Writer’s Reference (7th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. Print.
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