[专题学习] 英语—状语从句
骐骥一跃,不能十步;驽马十驾,功在不舍;锲而舍之,朽木不折;锲而不舍,金石可镂。------《荀子,劝学》...
状语从句是中考词汇和句法部分考查的重点内容之一。从考查形式上看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、任务型阅读、书面表达。所占分值通常为为3~4分。在学习状语从句时,首先得弄清楚引导各种状语从句的连词的用法。从近几年全国部分地区中考英语对状语从句的考查内容来看,命题热点主要集中在对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、结果状语从句的考查。特别是在单选中从属连词的辨析以及对主从句时态“主将从现”这一原则的考查。
[定义]
用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。
[特点]
状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用,修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
[分类]
根据意义上的不同,状语从句分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句。
引导连词:when, before, after, while ,since,
as, till, as soon as, the moment, theminute,
when, whenever.
① when
when 引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的,或者从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。可表示“一段”时间或“一点”时间。
例:She was reading a book when I called her.
② while
while引导时间状语从句强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,意为“在…期间”、“在…过程中”。while 引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动作,且常用于进行时。
例:While she was watching TV, she heard the
bell ring.
③ until/till
a. until/till 引导时间状语从句时,主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止,意为“直到…”。
例:I will wait for you until/till you come to see me.
b. 主句谓语是非延续性动词时,用not…until表示主句动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。意为“直到…才”。
例:I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
④ since
since 引导的时间状语从句,表示“自…以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。结构为It has been/is…since + 从句(过去时)
例:I have worked in this school since
I graduated from my university.
⑤ before/after
before表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前;after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
例1:Turn off the lightsbefore you leave the
classroom.
例2:I will go to the cinemaafter I finish my
homework.
引导条件状语从句的词或者词组有:if; unless; as long as; in case; only if;
① if
if表示“如果”,引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
例:If he has time tomorrow, he will come to
the meeting.
② unless
unless表示“除非;如果不”,引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。unless 可以转化为“if…not…”结构。
例:He won’t finish the work unless he works hard.
= If he does not work hard,he won’t finish the work.
引导让步状语从句的词或词组:though;
although; even if; even though; however;
whatever; no matter who等。
注意:引导让步状语从句时,这些词不能与but同时使用
例1:Although/Though/Eventhough he has failed
many times, he doesn’t give up trying.
例2:Whatever you do, he willstill be angry.
= No matter what you do, he will still be angry.
引导原因状语从句的词或词组:because; as; since; now that等。
because,意为“因为”,回答why 引导的问句。
例:It is easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have many of themhere.
引导结果状语从句的词或词组:so; so…that;
such…that.
① so…that, 意为“如此…以至于…”
例:He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.
引导目的状语从句的词或词组:so that;
in order that。目的状语从句谓语常含有
may;can; could; should; would等情态动词。
so that 意为“以便;为了”
例:He gets up early so that he can catch the bus.
引导比较状语从句的词或词组:than; as…as;
not so/as…as.
例:He is as tall as Tom.
引导地点状语从句的词或词组:where;wherever.
例:Sit wherever you like.
典型例题
【考点一】“主将从现”原则
常见遵循这一原则的连词:when, after, before,
till; until; not… until; whenever; as soon as;
aslong as; if; unless.
1.—The TV says it is going to rain tomorrow.
—If it _______tomorrow, everybody will be happy. We have a longdifficult time having no rain.
A. rain B. rains C. rained D. was rainin
2.Phone me _______ you get to Wuzhong.
(2015,宁夏)
A. since B. so that
C. as soon as D. while
【考点二】从属连词的选择
从属连词是辽宁中考的高频考点,主要在单选中考查从属连词when; while; until; since;because;
before; after; if; unless; though/although的辨析
3.You must make sure your tea is not too hot ________ you drink it. (2015,辽宁沈阳)
A. before B. after
C. since D. while
4.______ the dinner was all over, everyone helped wash the dishes.(2015,天津)
A. How B.When
C. Before D. Why
【考点三】从属连词与并列连词的混合辨析
and,but,so,or与when,until, while,
because, if, unless等词的辨析
5.—You won’t pass the exam ___you don’t
work hard.
—OK, I’ll do my best. (2015,贵州铜仁)
A.and B.but C.if D.So
参考答案
1.B【解析】if表示“如果”,引导的条件状语从句,其中从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
2.C 【解析】比较四个选项(since)“自从,(so that )既然”“以便,为了”(as soon as )“一...就”,
(while)“当...时候”;其中只有C选项最符合题意,全意为“一到五中你就给我打电话。
3.A【解析】比较四个选项(before )“在...之前”,(after )“在...之后”,(since)“自从,既然”,(while )“当...的时候”;其中只有A最符合题意,全意为“在喝茶之前,你必须确保茶不太烫。”
4. B 【解析】比较四个选项,(how)“怎样”,
(before)“在...之前”,(When)”当什么的时候“,(why)"为什么“;其中只有B最符合题意,句意为“当晚餐吃完的时候,每个人都帮助洗碗。”
5.C【解析】 比较四个选项,(and)“和,并且”,(but) “但是,可是”,(if)“是否,如果”,(so)“因此”;其中只有C最符合题意,句意为“如果你不努力学习,你不会通过考试。”
错题整理
1.Mr Zhang is mild in character(温和的性格) .
He never shouts _____he is very angry .
A. if B. even
C. though D. even when
2. ____ the punishment was unjust(不公正的),
he accepted it without complaint.
A. So long as B. Even though
C. Since D. While
3.Our neighbor has ______ours .
A.as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C.the same big house as
D. a house the same big as
4.---Let’s go fishing if it_______ this weekend.
--- But nobody knows if it _________.
A. is fine; will rain
B. will be fine; rains
C. is fine; will be rain
D. will be fine ;will rain
5.There are no buses, ______ you will have to walk.
A. so B. or
C. but D. for
参考答案
1. D【解析】根据句子语境,选 B 或 D 较适合,但 even 是副词,不是连词,不能引导状语从句,故选D
2. B【解析】比较四个选项:so long as(只要),
even though(即使),since(自从,既然),
while(当……时候),其中只有B的意思最合适,
全句意为“即使处罚不公平,他毫无怨言地接受”。
3.A【解析】as +冠词+形容词+名词+as
4.A【解析】第一个if引导条件状语从句,根据语境中关键词“thisweekend”可知此句表示将来,再由if引导条件状语从句时用一般现在时态代替一般将来时可选择is fine;第二个if引导宾语从句,意为“是否”根据语境选用一般将来时态。
5.A【解析】比较四个选项,(so)“所以,因此”,
(or)“或者,否则”,(but)“但是,可是”,
(for)“因为”;其中只有A最符合题意,全意为
“这儿没有公共汽车,因此你得步行”。
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