【绿卡知识库——语法篇】英语强调句型详解
我们在说话、写文章的过程中，为了要突出句子中的某一部分时，就常使用某种方法、手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注...
英语中，表示强调的方法一般分为三种：位置的强调；用词强调；句型强调。如：
一、位置强调
英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾、表、状。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如：
A.强调主语及状语。如：
(1) I was reading English this morning. — This morning, I was reading English. 今天早晨，我一直在读英语。
(2) I’ll go to see Li Lei tomorrow. — Tomorrow, I’ll go to see Li Lei. 明天，我要去看李蕾。
B. 强调谓语(as, though引导的让步状语从句)
(1) Though he will try, he can’t succeed. — Try as / though he will, he can’t succeed. 尽管他会尝试，但他不会成功。
(2) Though she can sing, she can’t sing well. — Sing though / as she can, she can’t sing well. 尽管她会唱，但唱得不好。
C. 强调宾语或表语(as, though引导的让步状语从句)
(1) Though he learnt English, he didn’t learn it well. — English as / though he learnt, he didn’t learn it well. 尽管他学过英语，但他学得并不好。
(2) Though he is ill, he keeps on working. —Ill as / though he is, he keeps on working. 尽管他有病，他仍坚持工作。
二、用词强调
英语中强调的另一种方法，就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强调主要有以下几种形式。
A. 在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词do, 对谓语进行强调。如：
(1) I do like swimming. 我的确喜欢游泳。
(2) He did go there last night. 他昨天晚上的确去过那儿。
B. 用awfully, badly, dead, deeply, ever, extremely, highly, indeed, lightly, not…at all, particularly, pretty, really, so, strongly, terribly, utterly, very, very much,等副词修饰以加强语气。如：
(1) He wants to get it very much. 他非常像得到它。
(2) I miss you terribly. 我非常思念你。
C. 用短语at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。如：
(1) I don’t know it at all. 我一点也不知道。
(2) What on earth are you doing there? 你到底在那干什么？
4) 用重复某一个词或短语来强调。如：
(1) He thought and thought, and suddenly he got a good idea. 他想啊想啊，突然想到了一个好主意。
(2) He ran and ran, and at last he caught up with other students. 他跑啊跑啊，终于赶上了其他的同学们。
三、用句子来强调
A．句型强调
英语中最常见的强调手段，也是我们必须要掌握的方法就是句型强调，即：强调句型。It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…如：
(1) It was in the room that Li Lei was born. 李蕾出生就在这间房子。
(2) It is Wei Fang who has broken the record. 就是魏方打破了纪录。
B．在使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题：
(A) 原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用It is + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…; 若原句子是过去时，强调句用：It was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…
(1) Li Lei’s father will work in America. —It is in America that Li Lei’s father will work. 李蕾的父亲的工作将就在美国。
(2) I studied at this school a few years ago. —It was at this school that I studied a few years ago. 几年前我就在这所学校读书。
(B) 即使被强调的部分是复数，It后面始终用单数形式。如(from www.hxen.com)
(1) Tom and Lucy gave us much help. —It was Tom and Lucy that gave us much help. 正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。
(2) I saw swans in the lake yesterday. —It was swans that I saw in the lake yesterday. 昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。
(C) 强调人时，可用who 代替that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when, where, why, how代替 that。如：
(1) It is our teacher who / that helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。
(2) It is by bus that I go to school every day. 每天我就是乘公共汽车上学。
(D) 在强调not…until结构中的时间状语时，应将not移到until前，再将not until部分移到被强调的位置。如：
I didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night. — It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed. 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。
(E) 强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，将强调句中的主句用一般疑问语序。如：
(1) Do you like English?—It is English that you like?英语就是你喜欢的吗？
(2) Will you go to London?—It is London that you will go to? 你要去的就是伦敦吗？
(F)特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。句型为：特殊疑问词+be + it that+…? 如：
(1) What made him so angry?—What is it that made him so angry?是什么东西使他如此生气？
(2) Why did she cry?—Why was it that she cried? 是什么原因使他哭了起来？
(G) 强调主语时，who 或that后面的谓语形式须与被强调的主语保持一致。如：
(1) Lily speaks Chinese very well. —It is Lily who / that speaks Chinese very well. 李丽的汉语讲得很好。
(2) Children like stories. —It is Children that like stories. 孩子们喜欢故事。
(H) 强调句中的be前可用表推测的情态动词：must, can, may等。如：
(1) It must be Piney that sent us this present. 肯定是Piney 给我们寄来了这件礼物。
(2) How can it be that he didn’t pass the exams. 他考试没有通过怎么可能呢？
(I) 强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as等引导的原因状语从句。如：
He is better today since he can walk around without my help. 就不能有下列强调形式：
It is better today that he is today since he can walk around without my help. (错)
It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (错)
强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：
一、去掉强调结构It is (was) … that(who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较：
1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.
显然，句1去掉It is…that …后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句2去掉It is… that …后，句子变为you and Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如：
1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters. （05天津）
A.thatB. whatC.whichD. this
答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。
2. That was really as plan did evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself somuch.
A.whenB. thatC.before D.since （05安徽）
答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。
二、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when,where, why或how，而仍用that。
试比较：It was because of the accident why he was late. (误),
It wasbecause of the accident that he was late. (正)。再如：
1. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. （08重庆）
A. thatB.whenC.while D. as
答案A。该题强干扰项是B，考生容易因强调时间状语until midnight而误选。
2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not soimportant.（06辽宁）
A.that B.whenC.since D. as
答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he got what he had desired，题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。
3. It was in New Zea land ___ Elizabethfirst met Mr. Smith. （08全国II）
A. that B.how C.which D.when
答案A。强调地点状语inNew Zea land.
三、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:
1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited. （06山东）
A. why it does B. what he does C. howit is D. what it is
答案D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出，但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序：it is what that makes him so excited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调了疑问代词what，因为wonder后宾语从句，故用了陈述语序。
2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. whenB. thatC.where D.before（06全国卷二）
答案B。如果去掉强调结构，该句是一个“not… until”句型：Jennifer didn’t realize shehad lost her keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语until shegot home，这时要把主句中的否定词not放在was之后。
四、强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用It is…, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：
1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.
2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.
3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.
4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.
五、在复习中有可能把It is/ was…that句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：
1、把具有实际意义的指示代词it后面接is/was…that误认为是强调句式。
--- Where did you get to know her?（07山东）
--- It was on the farm ____ we worked.
A．thatB．thereC．which D．where
答案D。该句易误作强调句型，所以A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事。 欢迎转载分享，腾讯认证蔡章兵主编QQ757722345空间每天有3－5篇资源更新，欢迎点击空间顶部“关注”第一时间获得每天更新的信息。更多英语资讯，欢迎关注奇速英语微信公众号qisuen,奇速英语，助你更快成功。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选D，因为平日教学老师一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用where而用that。该句如果要用itwas… that强调句型的话，可改写为“It was on the farm where we workedthat I got to know her.”
2、把it指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接be的情形误以为是强调句型。
It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____theaccident happened.
A. thatB.whenC. thenD.where
答案D。本题貌似Itwas…that强调句型，其实不然。句中It表示距离，where引导地点状语从句。
3、把It is/ was…that结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。
The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sideswill work towards peace.” （04北京）
A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is
答案D。如果选A和C，指示代词This和That在句中找不出指代的内容，选B意义不通。故选D。虽然选It is后题干中出现了It is… that结构，但这不是强调句型。很明显，题干中的that从句应是主语从句，所缺的是形式主语。
4、____ is our belief that improvements in healthcare will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy
A. As B. ThatC. ThisD.It（06浙江）
答案D。如果去掉It is… that, 中间的our belief就无法处理，因此该句不是强调句型，而是一个复合句，It是形式主语，that引导真正主语。
强调句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形does或did，这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如：
I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。
He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。
You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。
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