调酒家族 cocktail families_【调酒师日记BartendersDiary】

鸡尾酒家族在调酒的历史上曾经发现了很多的赫赫有名的家族，家族的分类对于了解调酒的特性，分类和历史传统有很多...

鸡尾酒家族
在调酒的历史上曾经发现了很多的赫赫有名的家族，家族的分类对于了解调酒的特性，分类和历史传统有很多的帮助，在这里简单的聊一下调酒中的那些家族。

首先介绍一下调酒中的两大分类
短饮：在调酒的容量里分类，主要原料经过混合后总量不超过120ml都统称为短饮。
长饮：相对于短饮，主要原料经混合后总量在120ml以上称为长饮。

THE TWO TYPES OF COCKTAIL

short drink: This term defines a mixture varying strength, depending on the proportion of alcoholic ingredients; its volume should not exceed 120mL
Long drink: This describes a drink of more than 120Ml in which the alcohol content has been diluted.

被遗忘在历史中的调酒家族

THE

FORGOTTEN CATEGORIES

Cobblers库波斯：这个短饮家族在1810年之前出现在美国，原始的cobblers主酒是葡萄酒，气泡酒也可以是贵腐酒，比较的流行的cobblers是雪莉（sherry cobblers）和威士忌（whiskey cobbles），cobblers是一种直接在装有冰的rock杯或是tumbler 杯中混合酒精和糖，一片orange或是莓子类做为装饰。

cobblers : This family of short droholinks appeared in the United States before 1810. Originally a cobbler was madewith still, sparling or even fortified wine. The m ost popular cobblers were Sherry Cobbler and Whiskey Cobbler.A cobbler is prepared directly in a rocks glass or tumbler with ice cubes. It is made with spirit and sugar, and is garnished with orange slices or berries in season.

cocktail鸡尾酒：这个传统的调酒总称在这些年来一直再被重新定义，原本的意义很简单，包括了所有饮料，有酒精或是无酒精的，其中有两种或两种以上的原料制成的就可以叫cocktail。

Cocktail: A generic term the meaning of which has changed significantly over the years. Nowadays it covers any drink, alcoholic or not, made with two or more ingredients.

crustas卡斯塔：这个家族是在1840年期间由新奥尔良city exchange吧的Joseph Santini推出，crusta是直接在小葡萄酒杯中加入冰，基酒，柠檬汁，糖和苦精，装饰通常一大片柠檬皮。比较流行的是白兰地（brandy crusta）和威士忌（whiskey crusta）。

Crustas:This family of short drinks was invented in the 1840s by Joseph Santini at the City Exchange in New Orleans. The best known examples were Brandy Crusta and Whiskey Crusta.A Crusta, prepared directly in a small wine glass, with ice, consists of the basic spirits, lemon juice, sugar and bitters, and is garnished with a long strip of lemon peel (zest) strewn around the rim of the glass

Daisies（黛西？）：这个长饮家族的1870年代的美国。直接在highball杯中混合冰，酒精，柠檬汁，糖，curacao（橙味酒）和苏打水。流行的有白兰地（brandy daisy）和金（Gin daisy）。

Daisies: This type of long drink appeared in the United Seats in the 1870s. The most popular recipes Were the Brandy Daisy and the Gin Daisy. A daisy is prepared directly in a highball glass and is made up of spirit, lemon juice, sugar, Curacao and soda water (club soda).

Eggnogs蛋酒：这个长饮家族是在1800年前被引进美国的，eggnog是需要shake后倒入highball杯中，酒的原料中包括酒精，蛋黄，牛奶，糖，eggnog可以说是一种英式饮料“posset”的亲戚，原料上基本相同，只是会用贵腐酒换掉酒精。eggnog会经常的用在新年庆祝活动上，同时也可以加热饮用，比较常见流行的的有白兰地（brandy eggnog）和朗姆（rum eggnog）。

Eggnogs: This family of long drinks was invented in the United States before 1800. The most popular Versions were Brandy Eggnogs or Rum Eggnog. Eggnog is made in shaker, with ice, and is served in a highball glass. It consists of spirit. egg yolk, milk and sugar. It would appear to be the descendant of an English drink called 'posset' , made with similar ingredients but using a fortified wine instead of spiritS, It was particularly popular for New Year celebrations and could also be drunk hot.

Fixes（菲克斯）：1860年前出现在美国的短饮家族，可以说是sour的前身，一般用适合季节的莓子类，比较常见的是白兰地（brandy fix）和金（Gin fix）。

Fixes: This family of short drinks was already known in the United States before the 1860s, the most popular ones being Brandy Fix and Gin Fix.They are simply 'sour' garnished withberries in season.

Flips（佛列普）：这个短饮家族出生于1810年的英格兰，与cobbler很相似这个短饮最早是由加强葡萄酒为主酒,由于鸡蛋是很难融合所以在1860年开始用到shake制作同时加入冰块然后服务在wine glass中。比较流行的配方是port flip和brandy flip，主要的原料有酒精饮料，蛋黄和糖，最后撒一些nutmeg粉在酒上。

Flips: These short drinks originated in England prior to 1810. like the cobbler, the Flip was originally made with fortified wine. In the 1860s they were prepared in a shaker with ice cubes and served in a wine glass. The most popular ones were Port Flip and Brandy Flip.A flip is made with spirit, egg yolk and sugar, topped work a sprinkling of nutmeg.

Puffs(普弗）：这是个长饮家族，最早在美国出现于1890s.比较流行的是whiskey Puff和Brandy Puff.这个酒是在highball杯中直接调配，需要冰，酒精饮料，牛奶，糖有时也会加上一些soda水。

Puffs: This family of ling drink appearedin th United States in the 1890s. The most popular ones were Whiskey Puff and Brandy Puff.They are prepared driectly In a highball glass, with ice, a spirit, milk, sugar and sometimes soda water.

Sangarees：1820s这个家族在英国闪亮登场，比较流行的配方是gin sangaree和Brandy Sangaree，Sangarees是一种需要shaker的调酒服务在wine杯中，主要原料是酒精，ruby波特和糖。nutmeg 粉做为装饰。

Sangarees:This category of drinks Came to Light in the British Antilles before 1820. The most popular recipes were for Brandy Sangaree and Gin Sangaree. A sangaree is made in a shaker, with ice, and served in a wine glass. The ingredients are spirit, ruby port and sugar. with nutmeg grated over the top.

Slings（司令…敬礼）：这个短饮是在1800年前进军美国大陆，最流行的是brandy sling和whiskey sling，sling也是可以做成热饮的，在rock杯中准备，加入冰与人，主要原料有酒，纯水或带汽泡的水，糖，最后用nutmeg粉做装饰。

slings:This category of short drinks originated in the United States before 1800. The most popular ones were Brandy sling and whiskey sling. Slings were also drank hot. Prepared directly in a rocks glass with ice, they are made up of spirit, still or sparkling mineral water and sugar, topped with a sprinkling of nutmeg.

Smashes：这个短饮家族初见光明是在1850s的美国，比较流行的是brandy smash和gin smash，smash的制法和Julep相似，但只是用两到三片的薄荷叶子，所以酒中只保留很淡的薄荷味道，装饰通常是一片橙子或是应季的水果。

Smashes: This family of short drinks first saw the light in the 1850s in the United States.The most popular versions were the Broady Smash and the Gin Smash. 4 smash is a form of Julep made with just two or three fresh mint leaves So as to attenuate the mint flavour, and garnished with slices of orange and beries in

season.

被延续的家族

THE FAMILIES STILL IN CURRENT USE

Bucks：出现在london的一个短饮家族，时间应该是在1920s，最早应该是在buck's club。这杯酒是直接在Rock杯子中加入冰块,酒精,柠檬汁最后加入一些生姜汽水，装饰就是很简单的长柠檬皮。

Bucks: This family of short drinks was invented in London, supposedly in the 1920S, possibly at Buck's club. They are prepared directly in a Rocks glass from ice, spirit,Lemon juice and a Little ginger ale. garnished with a strip of Lemon peel.

Coladas：这是一个长饮家族，1950s年在波多里哥出现，我们最熟悉的是pina colada和blue Hawaiian，通常制作工具是用shaker或搅拌机，盛在highball杯中，原料通常为水果汁，酒精和椰奶。

Coladas: These long drinks were invented at the start of the 1950s in Puerto Rico. The best known are Pina Colada and Blue Hawaiian.A colada is prepared in a shaker or a blender and is served in a highball glass. It is made with spirit, fruit juice and coconut milk.

Collins：这个长饮家族在美国出现是在1860s年，在1800s伦敦的Maitre 酒店里的Limmer’s 咖啡屋由John Collins发明，最流行的一种是John Collins，直接在highball杯中准备，加入冰块，酒精，柠檬汁，苏打水和糖。

Collins: This family of Long drinks appeared in the United States at the end of the 1860s, and was invented in the 1800s by John Collins, Maitre d' Hotel at Limmer's Coffee House in London. One of the most popular Versions is the John Collins. Prepared directly in a highball glass, with ice, a Collins consists of spirit. Lemon juice, soda water and sugar.

Coolers：在1880s年的美国这个长饮家族出现，这个酒出现的原因可能是为了当时的一个冷却装置，所以这个酒会用到冰镇过的生姜汽水并在highball杯中加入冰块，而现今的对’cooler’诠释中会用到水果汁。

Coolers: This family of long drinks appeared in the United States are the end of the 1880s,The cooler seems to have been invented to promote a device of the same name,which was used to chill ginger ale. mixed with ice directly in a highball glass. Nowadays the term 'cooler' is used to indicate drinks containing fruit juice.

Fizzs：这是一种需要shaker装在highball杯中的长饮调酒，最早在美国出现是在1810s年，gin gizz是其中最流行的，Fizz的制法和collins很相似，只是在柠檬汁的用量上会相对的少一点，早期的时候这两种酒都是要用到shaker的，而在现今它们却用了不同的制法来区别。

Fizzes: This long drink family appeared in the United States in the 1810s, A fizz is made in a shaker, with ice, and is served in a highball glass. One of the most popular ones is Gin Fizz. A fizz is prepared in the same way as a Collins, but with less lemon juice, which makes it less acidic, Originally, both these long drinks were made in a shaker, and the soda water add at the end, but today they are prepared in different way.

Highball：在1890s年这个长饮被引进到纽约，这个酒的配方被Bradly Martin完善，由Patrick Gavin Duffy发表，Brandy Highball是一个非常流行的作法，在highball杯中直接加入冰块，酒精和碳酸饮料，装饰可以是一片很长的柠檬皮。

Highballs: This type of long drink was invented in New York in the 1890s. The recipe was perfected by Bradly Martin, and was subsequently popularized by Patrick Gavin Duffy. One of the most popular is the Brandy Highballs. A highball is made directly in a highball glass, with ice, and consist of spirit with a carbonated drink. It can be garnished with a strip of lemon peel.

Juleps：1800年之前这个短饮家族就出现在美国了，我们最为熟悉的是mint Julep和mojito，Julep最早是在rock杯中调制的，需要碎冰，酒精，新鲜的薄荷和糖，同时这个酒也可以做成长饮。、

Juleps: This family of short drinks already existed in the United States before 1800. The best-known version are the Mint Julep and the Mojito. A Julep is made directly in a rocks glass. with crushed ice. and is made from spirit, fresh mint and sugar. It can also be made as a long drink.

Punches：这个长饮家族出现在英国大约在1700年左右，有可能是在barbados流传到英国的。家喻户晓的是Planter’s Punch和Fish House Punch。之后经过改进用果汁代替了水。Punch是在highball杯加入太碎冰，酒精，酸果类果汁，苏打水和糖浆。这个配方和原始的有些许的不同，老配方中用糖，纯水和香料，有些时候也可以制成热饮。

Punches: This family of long drinks appeared in the British Antilles pre- 17oo, probably in Barbados. The most well-known recipes are Planter's Punch and Fish House punch. Often fruit juice replaces part of the water. A long drink, punch is made in a highball glass, with crushed ice, and is made with spirit, citrus juice, soda water and grenadine. It has changed little from the original recipe, which was sweetened with sugar, used Still water and had spices added. It was sometimes drunk hot.

Ricks（瑞奇）：这个长饮家族最早由Washington的shoemaker’s在1900年推出。一杯Rick是在highball杯中直接制成的，加入冰块，酒精饮料，青柠汁和苏打水。

Rickeys: This family of long drinks was invented at shoemaker's in Washington, around 1900.

A Rickey is prepared directly in a highball glass, with ice, and consist of spirit. lime juice and soda water.

Shooters（Pousse-Cafe）：这是一个非常经典的短饮家族，现今大家都知道shooter，而这个酒最早在1840年的新奥尔良流行开，这个调酒是法国流传过来，shooter是在短杯中制成的，原料由一种或几种酒精饮料制成，由于成份的糖份不同，比重不同的关系，一些shooter不会混合，比如彩虹酒。

shooters (Pousse-cafe): This family of short drinks, nowadays known as shooters, was already popular in New Odeon in the 1840s. this probably of French origin. A shooter is made directly in a shot glass and consists of several different basic spirits and or Liqueurs superimposed on each other without being allowed to mix.