句子主义者长难句

GET技巧两步搞定四六级长难句

四六级乃至考研的很多答题关键句都来自于英美主流杂志，比如经济学人（theEconomist）、时代周刊（T...

四六级乃至考研的很多答题关键句都来自于英美主流杂志，比如经济学人（the Economist）、时代周刊（Time）、英国卫报（the Guardian）以及自然杂志（Nature）。这些句子的特色就是结构复杂、意思难懂，也成为了考试的重难点。造成的困境是：考生认识句子的每一个词语，连起来却不知所云。以下简单对于这些句子的破解给及一些提示。

破解长难句的方法一般称为二步法。

第一步：拆分；第二步：理解

（前方高能，请集中精力阅读）

▌首先，拆分要学会抓住主干，理清枝叶，拆分各个从句。

【例1】Behaviorists (行动主义者), in contrast, say that differences in score are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoys.

【分析】我们可以对该句子的构造进行一个简单的分析：

Blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages.

↓

Blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantagesthat whites enjoys.

↓

Differences in score are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoys.

↓

Behaviorists (行动主义者), in contrast, say that differences in score are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoys.

我们发现该长句子含有3个由that引导的从句，可以用竖线把句子进行拆分：

Behaviorists (行动主义者), in contrast, say that differences in score are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoys.

我们发现该长句子含有3个由that引导的从句，可以用竖线把句子进行拆分：
Behaviorists (行动主义者), in contrast, say that | differences in score are due to the fact that | blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages | that whites enjoys.

【例2】How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

【分析】我们同样也对该句子的结构进行分析：

How well the prediction will be validated by later performance

depends upon

the amount, reliability, and appropriateness (of the information used)

and on

the skill and wisdom (with which it is interpreted)

我们发现该句子包含一个主语从句以及两个较长的并列宾语，句子可以拆分成：

(How well the prediction will be validated by later performance) depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

▌其次，我们对于这些句子进行意思的分析，全盘理解，找出试题对于的考点。

【例3】Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. （原文中的he/him指Beethoven）

【分析】原文的结构清晰，但是理解困难。我们先进行第一步拆分：Especially significant was his view of freedom, | which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: | he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. 句子的难点在于一开始出现的倒装结构，正确语序为：his view of freedom was especially significant. 为什么采用倒装结构呢？因为his view of freedom后面具有较长的修饰成分，第一个修饰成分是用which引导的定语从句来修饰freedom，第二个修饰成分是冒号后面的同位语从句，来说明his view。翻译时需调整结构。

参考译文：尤其重要的是贝多芬对于自由的观点：即倡导思想自由和个人表达自由。对他而言，这种自由是与个人的权力和责任相互关联的。

【例4】But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.

【分析】这个句子的复杂在于三个并列主语即the force, the interplay and the difficulty。我们先进行第一步拆分：But the force (of geographic conditions peculiar to America), the interplay (of the varied national groups upon one another), and the sheer difficulty (of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent) caused significant changes. 句子主干为: the force, the interplay and the difficulty caused changes. 再理解三个of后面的修饰成分，该句即迎刃而解。

参考译文：但是美国特有的地理条件、各民族团体之间的相互作用、以及在原始的新大陆上维持旧世界方式的困境，使得美国发生了重大的变化。

【例5】This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

原句分析：我们首先利用竖线和括号对于原句进行拆分：This movement, (driven by powerful and diverse motivations), built a nation out of a wilderness | and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 句子的主语为this movement，根据上下文指移民潮（a tide of emigration）。此后有一个分词短语做后置定语修饰this movement。主语后面是一个并列谓语结构，即built … and shaped …，中间的by its nature是插入语。

参考译文：在各种强大的动机驱使下，这场运动（移民潮）在茫茫原野上建立起了一个国家，并且根据其本质塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。