友谊的小船为什么说翻就翻——心理学的几个tips

 

友谊的小船为什么说翻就翻?...

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Just like in romantic relationships and marriages, there can be issues that can end a friendship. For example as we grow and mature, our values might change and that can create huge differences.

就像恋爱与婚姻一样,类似的问题也可能导致友谊翻船。成长成熟、价值观的变化等,都会在彼此之间造成巨大的差异。

二三十郎当正是荷尔蒙暴走的年纪,也是一生中的撕*高发期。那么,朋友之间到底因为什么撕,我,一个非常nice(耐撕)的girl,从网友的各种友情破裂经历中,能够总结出几点人生的经验。

人际冲(si)突(bi)的类型可以具化为以下几种主要冲突:
需求冲突(Conflict of Demands)
即关系的一方妨碍了另一方需求的满足,或互相妨碍。这也就是日常所说的利益冲突。背叛、冷漠、赊欠等等导致友情破裂的因素都可以归为需求冲突。

社会交换理论(Social Exchange Theory)认为,一个人对他与另一个人的交往或友谊所得到的报酬和所付出的代价是心中有数的。在长期稳定的友谊中,尽管人们并不会去计较短期的报酬与代价,但当长期处于失衡状态中时,人们倾向于中断关系以止损。
另一方面,如果一方比另一方更需要建立或继续相互之间的交往,双方的力量就会产生不平衡。对建立、维系关系兴趣较小的一方会占有更大的力量。这种现象被称作最小兴趣原则(the Principle of Least Interest)。举个栗子,当友谊中的一方坠入爱河,用以维持原本友谊的兴趣可能随之降低,这简直戳中他们单身朋友的死穴……不过古话说得好,"If your best friend is in love, then find another best friend or a lover"。
◣Tips:

Don’t expect your friends to do for you what you can’t do for them. Don’t keep giving to your friends while you're not receiving fair and considerate return.

己不能予,勿企于人。人不能返,勿复施予。
价值观冲突(Conflict of Value Views)


● 电影《A Dangerous Method》中以戏剧化的方式叙述了Jung 与其恩师兼好友 Freud因学术分歧而分道扬镳的来龙去脉。

即关系双方的价值观不协调且无法调和。

此种不调和可能继而触发利益冲突。也许泥萌曾经因为共同的价值观相互吸引,但是要记住:

People change and so do you, so be really prepared。人都会变的,你也一样。

例:

“My close friend is a gay! I could not accept it when he said that to me. I told him straight away that I don't like him being gay. He told me how much he loved that fellow. I was really ashamed that I could not figure that out before.” (Quora)

我一个好朋友是同性恋!他告诉我的时候我完全无法接受!于是我立马告诉他不喜欢他这样,但他一个劲儿告诉我有多喜欢那男生。以前我都没发现他是gay,感觉真的好羞耻。
◣Tips:

No sugar coat - You just be brutally honest in your "ideas and opinions" and express why you mean so - if the opposite person still sticks along with you, that is friendship.

不要制造糖衣炮弹——直白地说出自己的观点,不赞同但仍然愿意和你交往的人都是真死党。



No judgement - The moment you start judging a person for specific attitude, character etc, and start confusing yourself, I think you are not longer in friendship !

不要肆意评价——当你开始因为态度、个性等某个具体方面对别人评头论足时,你俩离撕*也不远了。
自我概念与关系的冲突 ( Conflict Between the Self-concept and Relationship )
友谊关系中的一方的自我概念与关系之间产生冲突。

人们通常会为了确证自己的自我概念而选择那些能够维护他们自我评价的人交往,这是一个自我校验(Self-verification)的过程。自我概念如果本身包括有一些比较性的内容,友谊带来的社会比较就有可能威胁到这些自我概念,当友谊中的A在某一方面明显地高于B,面对这种自我威胁,B常常会选择疏远A以维护自己的自我评价。
例:

“ I had a very close friend, we almost felt like sisters. We even guessed what was going on in each others mind. Everything seemed perfect until one of our examination results came out. I did fairly well but, she obtained rather poor results. I knew it was a tough time for her. To my defense, I did all that I could to help her. However, she just changed. It wasn't like old times anymore. Soon, there was a hollow distance working it's way between us.“

“我有过一个特别好的朋友,当时好得就像对方肚子里的蛔虫。但一次考试改变了那一切,我考的比她好一点。那段时间她很低沉。先解释一下,为了帮她我无所不为。但她还是变了,再也不像从前了,我们之间多了一条鸿沟。“



◣Tips:

Never ever hold a grudge. If you feel your friends have wronged you in some way tell them without thinking that you might be hurting their feelings. Do this because they would not know they are hurting you unintentionally.

不怀积怨。一旦感觉到朋友冤枉你了,立刻告诉他们,不要想这样做可能会伤害对方的感受,因为他们可能并未意识到自己已经在无意中伤害了你。
自我概念间的冲突 (Conflict Between Different Self-concepts)
友谊双方对其中一个主体自我概念认识上的冲突,或互相冲突。在某些情况下,可以是人格间不同部分冲突的外化(Externalization),因为朋友认识到的你可能只是你人格的某一部分。当关系中的二人将态度上的不同行为化或言语化,就容易引发冲突。



◣Tips:

Pride and ego are enemies of friendship sometimes. Make sure that your boundaries and limitation meet theirs and remember: no judgement, no interference.

傲气与自我有时都是友情杀手。保持自我的边界不要侵犯到你的朋友。谨记:不评判,不干涉。
形式与内容的冲突
这个概念延展开来也就是近来大热的假性亲密(Irrelationship/ False Intimacy)。
“Irrelationship is a jointly created psychological defense system that two or more people maintain in order to avoid awareness of the anxiety that’s a natural part of becoming close to others——especially anxiety about letting people see and know us for who we really are.”(http://irrelationship.com/what-is-irrelationship/)

假性亲密是指两人及以上关系内部共同创建的一种心理防御机制,用以抵御个体与其他个体相亲近所产生的焦虑——尤其是让对方看到或知道我们真实面目的那种焦虑。

摊开来讲,这种焦虑的深层缘由是被抛弃的恐惧。为了获得更多的社会支持,我们广结泛交,以抵御被自然淘汰的危险。但与此同时,我们也恐惧着别人无法真正无条件地接纳自己,于是关系的双方共同创建了这么一种具有形式上的友谊,却没有真正亲密内容的友谊。关系因恐惧而起,也因恐惧而散。
◣Tips:

Compassionate empathy is an individual and shared imperative, it’s a powerful tool, both for understanding and taking steps to work together to relieve the pain we experience in irrelationship.

寻求共鸣是人类共同的特征,合理利用共情能够理解和修通我们在假性亲密中体验到的痛苦。

戳原文更多短语等你来学!


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