整容整形手术

涨知识丨要征服看脸的世界咋“整”？

网红脸走红的今天，我们对美的标准还在吗？...

In china, so much depends on face, today we're talking about the modern mania concerning the oh-so pretty face, 脸.

在中国，很多时候都看颜值，今天我们就来聊聊这种当代对颜值的狂热追求。

● 这年代，明星似乎都被打上了“整过”的标签。因为整容行业已经深深地植入了大家的生活中。

>>>>整容 Plastic surgery

Plastic surgery is the practice of performing operations to repair or replace skin which has been damaged, or to improve people's appearance.

整容又称整复外科或成形外科，治疗范围主要是皮肤、肌肉及骨骼等创伤、疾病，先天性或后天性组织或器官的缺陷与畸形。治疗包括修复与再造两个内容。

例句：

● He is a plastic surgery specialist.

他是个整形外科医生。

● She even had plastic surgery to change the shape of her nose.

她甚至做过整形手术来改变鼻子的形状。

As Chinese aesthetic ideals have evolved, so too has the burgeoning plastic surgery industry.

中国人的审美不断进步，整容行业在中国空前蓬勃。

While only a fraction of Chinese women are addicted to plastic surgery, the dramatic hike in the trade can be felt palpably. China's history of plastic surgery for the mere purpose of beautifying oneself (as opposed to treating injuries and deformities) has taken flight only in the past decade or so.

虽然只有一小部分中国女性醉心于整容手术，但这个行业的飞速增长还是很显而易见的。仅仅为了自己变得更美的整容手术史（不同于治愈伤患或者畸形）在过去的几十年里发展的十分迅速。

最常见的整形（facial reshaping）包括：割双眼皮手术（double-eyelid surgery）、隆鼻（nose job）以及祛斑（spot removal）等。其他常见的整容手术还有：隆胸手术（breast augmentations）、丰唇（lip enhancement）、脸颊上提整形（cheek lift）等。

Meanwhile, standards of beauty have also gone through more dramatic changes.

同时，大家心目中美的标准也发生了巨大的改变。

现代网红（美女）特征

尖下巴，俗称锥子脸 sharp chin

巴掌脸 tiny face

眼睛大得吓人 extraordinarily big eyes

美瞳和假睫毛 cosmetic contact lenses and fake eyelashes

In more ancient times, Chinese painters set the criteria concerning beauty and defined it as “三庭五眼”, which roughly translates to "a perfectly-proportioned face measuring no more or less than three times the forehead in length and five times the eye in width."

An ancient beauty should have smooth, white skin; her face should be round at the forehead and small-chinned; with bright eyes that are slim and tilt upward; black, slightly arched eyebrows; and, of course, a dimpled smile. These standards could still be seen as perfectly embodied by thecalendar girls of 1930s Shanghai.

在古代，中国画家们定义标准的美人脸为“三庭五眼”。

● 三庭：指脸的长度比例，把脸的长度分为三个等分，从前额发际线至眉骨，从眉骨至鼻底，从鼻底至下颏，各占脸长的1/3。

● 五眼：指脸的宽度比例，以眼形长度为单位，把脸的宽度分成五个等分，从左侧发际至右侧发际，为五只眼形。两只眼睛之间有一只眼睛的间距，两眼外侧至侧发际各为一只眼睛的间距，各占比例的1/5。

一个古代美人必须肤若凝脂，天庭饱满。剪水双瞳，眉黛青颦。颊生微涡。这些标准甚至还能很清晰的从上个世纪30年代的上海滩姑娘们身上体现。

However, when Chinese women first started going to plastic surgeons for beauty, these were not what they wanted. They wanted large, deep eyes with double eyelids and high noses. This was because, during the 1980s and 1990s, China imported a lot of American TV shows, and the facial features were considered beautiful.

但是，当中国女性刚进入整容的行业追求美丽时，这不是她们想要的。她们追求的是大而深的眼窝，双眼皮，高鼻梁。这是因为时值80、90年代，国内引入了很多的美国电视节目，歪果仁的脸部特征被视为美。

But now the notion that Chinese women have plastic surgery to look more “Western” has all but died out. Chinese women more readily identify as “Eastern”, and “Western” eyes are viewed as unsuitable for the Asian facial structure.

但是现在这种整容就是为了更西式的观念已经被抛弃了。中国女性很容易从外貌被定义为东方式的，而西式的大眼睛也被认为不适合亚洲人的面孔结构。

According to the China Consumers' Association, plastic surgery prompts around 20,000 complaints each year. However, there is no sign that the number of people getting plastic surgery will slow down. According to ASKCI, a Chinese consulting company, the growth rate is well over 20 percent.

消费者协会指出，中国每年因为整容引发的纠纷在20000件左右。但是这并不意味着做整容手术的人数会下降。中商网，一个中国的咨询公司称：每年做整容手术的人数增长率在20%以上。

追求更美的自己并不是一件不能理解的事情。但是对待整形美容，一定要有一个健康良好的心态，不能痴迷其中，否则结果受到伤害的人始终是自己。其实自然也是一种美。