四六级—定语从句专项讲解与练习

定语从句专项讲解与练习定语从句的定义：从句作定语，修饰名词、代词，这样的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫...

定语从句的定义：从句作定语，修饰名词、代词，这样的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的前面。

如果要表达:我喜欢那个漂亮的女孩。I lovethe pretty girl.

如果要表达：那个喜欢我的女孩。只能借助于定语从句 the girl who loves me.



1、who

指人，who在从句中当主语。

He whohas not reached the Great Wall isn’t a true man. 不到长城非好汉。

Theteacher ___________spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in hisoffice.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

v  作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可省略。

 

2、whom

指人，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，前面没有介词时，可用who/that来代替，也可省略。

The girl___________________ I like isn’t here now.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

Thedoctor with ________________she went to the United States last month is veryfamous.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

Theperson ___________________ you met yesterday is our Chinese teacher.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

 

3、whose

指“谁的”，或“某物的”，在从句中作修饰词。

whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。

The girl___________father is a doctor is our classmate.

You’rethe only one ____________ advice he might listen to.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

I’d likea room _______________window looks out over the sea.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

 

4、that

在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；作宾语时可以省略。

She isthe very person (that) I want to see at once.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

A planeis a machine_____________ can fly.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

 

5、which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物；

West Lake______________lies in Hangzhou is one of the most famous lakes in China.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

The coat(___________________) I put on the desk is black.

 

6、as

当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。

e.g.  1) . I have never seen such a kind girl asshe is .

2) . He is such a good teacher (so good a teacher ) as every student respects .

※但在以下两种情况下有区别：

. as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。

e.g.  ____ is often the case , we have worked outthe production plan .

A .Which     B . When     C . What   D . As

 

that,which可以在从句中当主语或宾语，当宾语时可以省略。

whom在从句中是当宾语的，也可以省略。但是，当以上关系词前面有介词时，就不能省略。

 

A）指人时

who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，

把以下两个句子合并成一句：

I thank the woman.

The woman helps me a lot.

I thank the woman who (that)helps me alot.（主语）

The man was Jone .

I saw him.

The man (who whom that) I saw was jone.(作宾语)

She was the woman .

I told you about her.

She was the woman (who whom that) I toldyou about .(做介词宾语) /

She was the woman about whom I toldyou.(介词后只能用宾格)

 

B）指物时

which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，

把以下两个句子合并成一句：

A prosperity appears in the countryside.

A prosperity had never been seen before .

A prosperity which / that had never beenseen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）

 

1. Where isthe book (which/that) I bought last week?

A. which B. that C. who D. as

2.The place _______interested me most wasthe Children's Palace.

A. which B. where C. what D. in which

C)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）,

例如：They rushedover to help the man. His car had broken down.

They rushedover to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

It there anyone in your class ______familyis in the country?

A. who B.who's   C. which  D. whose

l that与which的区分

A）指物或人时宜用 that 的情况：

v  先行词是不定代词all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, few等时

Is thereanything (that) you don’t understand?

All thatcan be done has been done.

 

v  先行词被all, every, any, no, little, much等修饰时，

Iwant to read all the books ___________ were written by Lu Xun.

 

v  先行词被序数词及形容词最高级修饰时

This isthe best book (___________) I have ever read.

This is one of the best films _______________Ihave ever seen.

This is the best________________ can bedone now.

 

v  先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰时，

如果是人时，可以用who/whom来代替。

He is theonly person___________________can help you out.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

This is one of the very book that I amlooking for.

中文意思：____________________________________________________________________

 

v  当先行词既指人又指物时。

We aretalking about the people and the things (____________) we have visited in thiscountry.

中文意思：我们正在谈论在这个国家所见过的人和事。

 

v  关系代词作定语从句中be的表语时，that可以省略。

The cityis no longer the one (that) it used to be.

Maryis no longer the girl that she used to be.

 

v  主句是以who, what, which开头的特殊问句时。

Who isthe person _____________ is making this lecture?

是谁在做报告？

 

B)只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况。

v  that，those作主语时

Those which are on the desk are Englishbooks.

v  先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。

The sun, which gives us light and heat, isvery big.

（二）关系副词：when, where, why

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1关系副词的用法：

1）．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day,morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I firstbecame a college student.

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?

1．Do you knowthe year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

2）．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot,street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：

This is the hotel where they are staying.

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.

Great changes have taken place since thenin the factory _______we are working.

A. where B. that C. which D. there

3）． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：

That is the reason why he is leaving sosoon.

注：why时常也可以省略。如：

That is the real reason he did it.

练习：

1. Please passme the cartoon book ________________has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.

A.whom      B. whose    C. who      D. which

2. Whenever hewas late, he could find plenty of excuses ______________sounded reasonable.

A.who      B. where    C. when       D. which

3. --What areyou looking for?

--I’mlooking for the book___________you lent me yesterday.

A.that     B. who    C. whose

4. Tony, tellme the result of the discussion ______________you had with your dad yesterday.

A.what      B. which    C. when      D. who

5. The book_______________I bought yesterday is lost.

A. that      B. whose   C. who       D. whom

6. The river______________ is in front of my village is quite clean.

A.who      B. what    C. /      D. that

7. Mount Wuyi____________lies in the north of Fujian is famous for its mountains.

A. which      B. what   C. who       D. whose

8. --Do youknow the girl___________ is dancing over there?

--Yes. She is Tom’s sister.

A. who      B.whom         C. which

9. Successwill belong to those ___________never say “ impossible”.

A.whom      B. what    C. who       D. which

10. The firstthing_____________ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write aletter.

A.which      B. that    C.why       D. who

11. --Is thereanyone here______________name is betty?

--Sorry, I don’t know.

A.who      B. whose    C.whom       D. which

12. All thestudents ____________ come from Class Five will visit the History Museum.

A.whom      B. that    C.who       D. which

13. I love the“Super Girl” Li Yuchun ______________ is beautiful and sings well.

A. who      B. which    C. where       D. what

14. Theathlete to __________ you talked is a famous runner.

A. whom      B. who   C. which       D. whose

15. The youngwoman__________ skirt is white is our English teacher Miss Yang.

A.who      B. whose    C.whom       D. that

I.单项选择。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that youbought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. whoagrees D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ ismissing.
A. thatB. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in

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