学习动态丨这些英语知识,你都学会了吗?

 

考试快来啦!!!距离2016年6月英语四六级考试还有33天,英语四六级考试,你都准备好了吗???...







考试快来啦!!!

距离2016年6月英语四六级考试还有33天,英语四六级考试,你都准备好了吗???



啥都不会,怎么办?

啥都不会,看过来!

英语听力必知
四六级听力改革了,没有练习做怎么办?新增的英语新闻平时很少接触,连单词都知道得很少,怎么办?

英语四六级听写复习一定要注意三点:一是选择适合自己的听写练习素材。首先要找到适合自己水平的材料。从材料的体裁内容上来说,可以选择大学英语课本上的课文、经典的散文、美文、时事新闻、四六级、托福雅思考题的语段材料、著名电影的台词等等,不一而足。选择听写材料要遵循五大黄金原则:

1.不要选择专业术语、专有名词较多的材料

2.注意语段材料的时效性,时效性越强越值得练习

3.初学者不宜用影视剧对白练习听写

4.刚开始练习时,材料篇幅不宜过长

5.不推荐听收音机节目来做听写练习

综上所述,对于各位同学而言,如果起点较低,可以先从新概念课文(新概念三比较适合四六级程度的学生)入手;如果更胜一筹,且能适应更快的语速,可选择BBC或者VOA的新闻材料来练习。专注于应试的,可用四六级听力真题中短文理解(PASSAGE)部分的文章来强化。

二是掌握循序渐进的正确听写方法。练习方法很有讲究。一定要以句子为单位进行听写。根据练习的不同目的,听写练习可分为两个层次: 1.练习信息概括能力和表达能力    听写句子时,不要求完全按照录音原文精确记录,而是根据理解,用自己的话概况,在纸上表达出大意,非常类似四六级复合式听写的最后三个长句子的要求。这样的练习,旨在提高听英语时提炼、概括信息的能力,和语言的综合表达能力。 不应拘泥于个别听不懂的单词,而要学会联系上下文语境推断没有听懂的部分,从而跳开难点,理解内涵,从而达到概括出重点信息的目的。根据四六级考纲对于复合式听写的要求,最后三句长句不要求完全听写原文原词,而允许考生进行内容复述。所以像这样的练习,就是最契合考试要求的训练法。    2.精确听写每一词,每一句,细化提高英语实力   练习听写还可以这样进行:一句话先听一遍,要求自己严格地把所听到的内容一词不变地记录下来,如果有记不下来或不确定的,就先留出空格,然后再听一遍。基本上一句话可以反复听三遍,如果有某些部分听了三遍还是无法攻克,就先放一放,听下一句。就这样逐句把整篇材料听完。接下来对照录音原文,把之前没有写出来的,或者写错的部分圈出来,并进行分析:为什么这里我会犯错?原因往往有二:第一,这个词你确实不认识,反复听也没感觉,或者听的时候似曾相识,但拼写发生了错误,那么对答案时要马上把它背出来。通过这个过程背单词印象深刻,效果绝对优于死背词汇书;第二,大家是否有过这样的经历,在听写时,有一个词反复听也听不懂,但最后对照原文一看马上就认识了,不由感慨道“原来就是它呀,其实我早就背到过了”。

三是合理地把做过的练习进行总结。一旦练习时精确到点,那么对答案时的分析总结非常重要。其实我们练习听写,并在原文上圈出错误部分,让自己学习中的薄弱环节呈现出来,这可以帮助我们发现和判断自己英语老提不高的“病根”究竟在哪里,然后“对症下药”——单词不认识的背单词,拼写不熟悉的记拼写,发音不正确的纠正发音,从而全方位提高英语实力。
阅读必杀技
只剩33天,阅读要如何复习呢?

必杀绝技-历年真题

真题能非常好地告诉我们一个方向,就是说会考什么题材,包括什么教育类的,还是环境类的,还是经济类的文章,会通过真题,大家可以总结出来。这样有助于大家在考试中一个很好的发挥。特别要说举个例子,在我们过去的四、六级考试,只要考了教育类的文章,一般都会涉及到美国或者英国的教育体制,一些弊端或问题,一般会在文章的最后对这个问题提出一些解决的办法。你只要把真题解决好了,一般来说在考试对文章的主题就会把握地非常清楚。所以说做真题对我们来说还是有很大的帮助的。

那么在最后一个月当中,我们不太建议把所有重心都放在背单词上面。其实阅读理解对单词的确有一定的要求,但是单词并不是最主导的。在整个考试当中,单词在听力当中会有一个更好的体现出来。所以说我不建议大家最后一个月,花大量的时间来背单词。更好地还是以做题为主。 英语六级阅读考试以细节题为主导,选择答案时不要进行推导,更多地只是以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文的信息或者是同义改写的信息,以提高选项的正确率,相信很多同学都遇到这样的问题,明明4个选项,排除了A和B,剩下了C和D,该是C的时候总是选的D,那么原因是这样的,为什么我们四、六级考试的时候,你总会感觉这个是对的,但是多想起来就会选错。原因是四、六级考试主要还是以细节题为主导,所谓的细节题呢就是它考的是文章的一些细节信息,并不对文章的细节做一个引申或是延续。

英语六级考试就是考一个表层的信息,所以四、六级考试的选项只是对原文的单词进行改写。比如说原文是主导语态,到选项里变成了被动语态。或者把单词就是进行一个同义的改写。本来这个单词这样一个表达意思,那可能到选项里是另外一个单词来表达,但意思是一样的。就是说它不需要进行推导的,所以说你为什么多想就会选错,因为你选了一个推导项。而事实上只要选择一个表层信息就可以了。所以大家在做题的过程当中,切记的一点就是,在四、六级阅读考试当中不要进行推导,更多地只是以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文的信息或者是同义改写的信息就可以了。这样一般就不会选错了。

所以我建议大家最后这段时间,把四、六级考过的,我们改革之后考过的所有文章中的选项里面的单词去检查一下。因为我们考试的选项里的单词是反复出现的,比如说像我们过去的几次考试,文章中每次都出现一个词叫“practice”。就这个单词在我们过去的几次考试中每次都出现。所以像这种单词大家通过查选项就能够巩固下来。那么有助于大家在考试中发挥得更好一些。所以呢,这个单词不是最主要的问题。

那么如何能够更好地去做完这个阅读,还能做得很准确,阅读理解的第一步就是什么,就是先局部去找这个题目答案的位置。通过读5个题目先找到位置,因为你会发现找到这个位置后你会发现,5道题目对应了5个地方,这5个地方并不涵盖文章100%的信息,可能这5个地方只涵盖40%的信息。你只要把这40%读懂就可以了。所以为什么说你要想做快啊,或把题目做准了最主要的问题,首先还是要找对这个题目所对应的位置。也就拿我们的专业术语来说,也就叫定位的问题。就如果你把题目定得越准,当然你做得就越快,那么答案出来得也就越准确。所以我们很多同学在平时做题时会发现,我文章读懂了,为什么题目全错了?就是因为你会发现就是因为你文章全读懂之后,你四个选项在文章里面全部都有体现出来,所以这时候你就不知道该怎么排除了。但如果你的题目要是定位得很准,你就知道答案就在这个区域当中,所以四个选项你一看,发现有3个选项的区别没有体现,就会知道应该选哪一个。这样的话就会又快又准了。所以说还是定位为主的。
经典替换词应对写作词穷
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)

2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good

3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.

4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.

注:用many, if not most 一定要小心,many后一定要有词。

Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.

5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some

6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that,

it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语,所以要加that)

7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing

8: shared 代 common

9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )

10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion

11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.

Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly

13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,

14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer

15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very

16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable

17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in

18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.

19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect

20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear

21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.

22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth

23.desire 替换want.

24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to

25.bear in mind that 替换remember

26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)

27. interaction替换communication

28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth

29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance

30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible经典句型1)主语从句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy. It is well-known that… It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that… It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that… It is / that

2)宾(表)语从句

We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates. The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.

3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…, There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

4)状语从句(时间,原因,地点,条件,让步,转折等)

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him. Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.

5)分词短语做定语或状语

Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.

6)倒装句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as

...

应急措施


1.试用笼统词

英语语言中笼统词有have, take 等,笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛,搭配性强,构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作,却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候,用这些笼统词取代,也能收到异曲同工的效果。

例如:我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。

I experienced a terrible hard time.

这一句中,experience被遗忘时,用have代替,成为:I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如:

Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?

I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.

I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.

They occupied the city. = They took the city.

The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.

从以上的例句不难看出,具体词音节较多,使用频率不高,容易遗忘,而笼统词则不然。因此,在作文应试中,笼统词取代具体词,不失为一种应急良策。

2.联想有关词汇

当遗忘产生时,或遇到未曾学过的词时,应采取放射性思维,发挥想象力,想出一切与之有关的单词,利用语言的内在联系,多层次,多角度地运用语言。一般情况下,联想可按下列思路进行:1联想同义词;2联想反义词。

英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律,由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。试看下列句子:

I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.

Nightmare 使用频率不太高,因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。再比如:I don‘t understand this word. 也可以说成 I don’t know this word.

另外:

He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.

The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.

They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.

His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.

英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的,词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。

同样,用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的,请看下面的例子:

He is stubborn. = He is not tame.

The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.

This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

She is talkative. = She is never quiet.

3. 试用解释性语句

语言的功能在于表达,而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到??以沟通。英语当中多功能解释性语句,就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子:

He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak.

He refused. = He said “no”.

I‘ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other‘s advice.

解释性语句能帮助我们巧妙地避开一些大词,难词,又能使意思表达流畅,不失为一聪明之举。比较下面两篇文章:

(1) Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all detest is, but all being domineered by it. It represents a trial; the grade its verdict.

Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can dominate one‘s future. I am not exaggerating; for you all know it is true. If we want to obtain a diploma, we must first pass the exams. If we do not have a diploma, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may concern their future.

But as long as examination is on its peak of power, we must be philosophical of it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may indulge ourselves in other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and thoroughly?

(2)  Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all dislike it (hate it), but all being ruled by it. It is a trial; the grade its decision.

Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can control one‘s future. I am telling the truth, for you all know it is true. If we want to get a graduation paper, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may have something to do with their future.

But as long as examination is on its highest point of power, we must have a calm attitude to it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may spend our time on other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and deeply?

比较两篇文章,第一篇短小精干,用词准确,不失为一篇优秀作文。而第二篇全篇采用最普通的词汇,意思同样清楚,也不失得体,流畅。

四六级作文的评分标准一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义,段落,层次有系统性,语法正确,而并不过分强调用词的精确度。因此作文应试的要领应该是快捷、清楚、流畅。所以,就考试而言,碰到难词或遗忘词时,过分地把时间花在“钻牛角尖”上是不明智的,而应该采取灵活的思维方法、迂回的战术,运用简单、易记的词汇及表达方式,从而能够运用有限的词汇作出美妙的文章,轻松自如地驾驭语言,把握时机,以聪明克服缺陷,以机智灵巧克服学究式的笨拙,以少胜多,最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。

排版:范玉琴

审核:张璐 张潞瑶


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